Journal of Oral Implantology October 2012 - (Page 633)

CASE REPORT Influence of Etiologic Factors in Peri-Implantitis: Literature Review and Case Report Arthur Rodriguez Gonzalez Cortes, DDS, MS* Paulo Ferraz, DDS, MS, PhD Mauro Tosta, DDS, MS, PhD Peri-implantitis is a pathology that has been described in many clinical studies and case reports. However, it is still not clear how the roles of its etiologic agents work. This article is based on a review of the literature and a case report. It aims to offer data related to the factors that cause this pathology, and to analyze how these factors interact, leading to the contamination of the peri-implant tissue. Key Words: dental implants, peri-implantitis, oral pathology INTRODUCTION ith the advent of oral implantology in rehabilitation treatments, it became clear that the research conducted on peri-implant tissue pathologies and reactions plays an important role in the evolution of dentistry. With this in mind, implant behavior during osseointegration must still be studied to improve conditions for the successful installation of the prosthesis. One of the important complications related to dental implant treatment is a pathology called periimplantitis, a condition caused by peri-implant tissue alterations, including intense inflammation similar to what is found in cases of periodontitis. It is considered a rare occurrence and has been described in previous articles. The conclusion has been that the disease is primarily caused by plaque and biofilm, which can accumulate even on implant surfaces, covering both screws and healing abutments.1,2 The biological process that leads to implant loss is still poorly understood. Some patient-related factors such as gender, age, lack of hygiene, and presence of keratinized mucosa have been considered as possible etiologic factors. However, there is controversy in the literature about the importance ˜ Oral Implantology Department, Institute of Health Research, Sao Paulo, Brazil. * Corresponding author, e-mail: arthuro@usp.br DOI: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-10-00139 W of some of these events. Thus, the aim of this study is to clarify the importance of the role played by each one of the peri-implantitis etiologic factors in cases of this pathology, carried out by reviewing MEDLINE literature from 1988 to 2010, and illustrating it with a peri-implantitis case report. LITERATURE REVIEW It is clearly known that the oral pathology called peri-implantitis is one of the most important risk factors in cases of dental implant rehabilitation. It is an irreversible inflammation of the peri-implant tissue, usually associated with marginal bone loss, and differs from peri-implant mucositis cases, in which there is a reversible inflammation of the same tissue but with no associated bone loss.3 Although peri-implantitis has been related to cases with implant loss,2,4,5 some clinical studies show different results for its frequency. Low rates have recently been found by Montes et al2 in a clinical study about failing factors, evaluated after implant osseointegration. Nevertheless, in a previous similar study done 7 years earlier, a frequency that ranged between 5% and 10% had been encountered in cases of dental implant rehabilitation.3 Jung et al6 evaluated implant survival rates in cases with implant-supported single crowns in a 5year review. Interestingly, peri-implantitis and softtissue complications were observed by the authors Journal of Oral Implantology 633

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Journal of Oral Implantology October 2012

Should the Implant Fit the Patient or Should the Patient Fit the Implant?
Histologic and Biomechanical Evaluation of Alumina-Blasted/Acid-Etched and Resorbable Blasting Media Surfaces
Impact of Dental and Zygomatic Implants on Stress Distribution in Maxillary Defects: A 3-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis Study
Precision of Implant Placement With Stereolithographic Templates: A Pilot In Vitro Study
An Evaluation of Biocompatibility of Indigenously Produced Pure Titanium: An Experimental Study in Rabbits
Relationship Between Smoking and Bleeding on Probing
Stress Analysis in Platform-Switching Implants: A 3-Dimensional Finite Element Study
Acrylic Resin Polymerization in Direct Contact to the Abutment and the Temperature at Bone-Implant Interface: A Pilot In Vitro Study
Clinical Application of Stereolithographic Surgical Guide With a Handpiece Guidance Apparatus: A Case Report
Fixed Rehabilitation of Severely Atrophic Jaws Using Immediately Loaded Basal Disk Implants After In Situ Bone Activation
A Functional Open-Tray Impression Technique for Implant-Retained Overdenture Prostheses
Use of Plasma Rich in Growth Factor for Schneiderian Membrane Management During Maxillary Sinus Augmentation Procedure
A Technique to Facilitate the Fabrication of Provisional Restorations for ITI Solid Abutments
Influence of Etiologic Factors in Peri-Implantitis: Literature Review and Case Report
Simplistic Partially Limiting Surgical Guide for Flapless Implant Placement: A Case Report
Types of Implant Surgical Guides in Dentistry: A Review
Rehabilitation of Atrophic Posterior Maxilla With Zygomatic Implants: Review

Journal of Oral Implantology October 2012

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