Journal of Oral Implantology December 2012 - (Page 779)

LITERATURE REVIEW Orthodontic Considerations in Restorative Management of Hypodontia Patients With Endosseous Implants Ali Borzabadi-Farahani, DDS, MScD* The use of implant-supported restorations in patients with hypodontia remains challenging and requires a multistage treatment that begins in late mixed dentition and continues into late adolescence. The aim of this article is to review the role of orthodontics in endosseous implant rehabilitation of patients with hypodontia. The MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane databases, and necessary scientific textbooks were searched for relevant studies and reviews, and as far as possible, they were only included if they had been cited at least once in the literature. Dental implants are susceptible to overloading as the periodontal ligament is absent and the proprioceptive nerve endings are either lacking or very limited. Patients with hypodontia may present with skeletal features such as short and retrognathic maxilla, prognathic mandible, and shorter lower anterior facial height, and they sometimes need orthognathic correction as part of their overall treatment. Dental problems vary and include bimaxillary retroclination of incisors, spacing, centerline discrepancies, microdontia, hypoplastic enamels, ankylosis of the retained primary teeth, overeruptions, and volume deficiencies of alveolar ridges. The challenges mentioned, as well as bone volume deficiencies, compromise the successful placement of implants. Orthodontic strategies and techniques, such as uprighting mechanics, extrusion/intrusion, delayed space opening, and orthodontic implant site-switching, can be used to create, preserve, or augment the implant site. After orthodontic site development, the final planned position of the teeth should be maintained with a rigid bonded retainer; overlooking this stage may compromise the implant site and require orthodontic retreatment. Key Words: hypodontia, craniofacial growth, implant-supported restorations, orthodontics, implantology INTRODUCTION ndosseous implants (EIs) were introduced more than 40 years ago,1,2 and their use in the dental profession has grown exponentially ever since. EIs have become the standard of care, providing predictable and reliable treatment alternatives for rehabilitation of patients with edentulous or partially dentate dentitions and those who have congenitally absent teeth.3–9 Despite the high success rate, implant failure still happens, and therefore, extensive research is targeted to identify the contributing causes.10–15 Different shapes and Craniofacial Orthodontics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, and Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. * Corresponding author, e-mail: farahani@faraortho.com DOI: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-11-00022 E sizes of EIs are available. The width of an implant is usually 3.75 mm, corresponding to a platform width of 4 mm. Implants can have a tapered or parallel shape, though the tapered shape is the most frequently used systems. The advantage of the tapered-shape implants is their ability for selftapping, which is useful for softer bones or immediate loading. Implant dimensions range from 3 to 8 mm in diameter and 7 to 21 mm in length. The current trends in dental implantology favor less patient comfort and shorter treatment times. Short and wide-diameter implants are associated with faster treatment and less morbidity, eliminating the need for vertical bone augmentation16 or sinus lifting procedures.17 Regrettably, the evidence-based practice is mainly available for the major implant brands.18 Different dental implant systems have been presented in the market, such as Journal of Oral Implantology 779

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Journal of Oral Implantology December 2012

AAID Priceless Membership Benefit
Lateral Augmentation of the Maxilla and Mandible Using Framework Technique With Allogeneic Bone Grafts
Accuracy of Cone Beam Computerized Tomography and a Three-Dimensional Stereolithographic Model in Identifying the Anterior Loop of the Mental Nerve: A Study on Cadavers
Evaluation of Microgap Size and Microbial Leakage in the Connection Area of 4 Abutments With Straumann (ITI) Implant
Buccal Bone Plate Remodeling After Immediate Implant Placement With and Without Synthetic Bone Grafting and Flapless Surgery: Radiographic Study in Dogs
Evaluation of Soft Tissues Around Single Tooth Implants in the Anterior Maxilla Restored With Cemented and Screw-Retained Crowns
Accuracy of a Newly Developed Cone-Beam Computerized Tomography-Aided Surgical Guidance System for Dental Implant Placement: An Ex Vivo Study
Nasopalatine Canal Position Relative to the Maxillary Central Incisors: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Assessment
Esthetics in Implant-Supported Prostheses: A Literature Review
Reliability of Implant Surgical Guides Based on Soft-Tissue Models
Clinical Evaluation of Short and Wide-Diameter Implants Immediately Placed Into Extraction Sockets of Posterior Areas: A 2-Year Retrospective Study
Single Stage Immediate Implant Placements in the Esthetic Zone
Removal of Fractured Dental Implant Screw Using a New Technique: A Case Report
Restoration of Failing Maxillary Implant-Supported Fixed Prosthesis With Cross Arch Splinted Unilateral Zygomatic Implant: A Clinical Report
Oral Rehabilitation of Severe Dentoalveolar Trauma: A Clinical Report
Implant Installation With Bone Augmentation and Transmucosal Healing With Demineralized Human Cortical Bone in the Maxillary Anterior Region: Report of 3 Cases
Bone Morphogenic Protein: An Elixir for Bone Grafting—A Review
Orthodontic Considerations in Restorative Management of Hypodontia Patients With Endosseous Implants
Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Association With Dental Implants: An Assessment of Previously Hypothesized Carcinogenic Mechanisms and a Case Report
Indirect Osteotome Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation: An Update
Reliability of Implant Surgical Guides Based on Soft-Tissue Models: A Methodological Mistake

Journal of Oral Implantology December 2012