Journal of Oral Implantology October 2013 - (Page 525)

RESEARCH Optimizing Platelet-Rich Plasma Gel Formation by Varying Time and Gravitational Forces During Centrifugation Chris H. Jo, PhD1 Young Hak Roh, MD2* Ji Eun Kim, MS1 Sue Shin, PhD3 Kang Sup Yoon, PhD1 Despite the increasing clinical use of topical platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to enhance tissue healing and regeneration, there is no properly standardized method of autologous PRP gel preparation. This study examined the effect of the centrifugation time and gravitational force (g) on the platelet recovery ratio of PRP and determined the most effective centrifugation conditions for preparing PRP. Two-step centrifugations for preparing PRP were used in 39 subjects who had consented prior to the study’s start. The separating centrifugation (Step 1, used to separate whole blood into its two main components: red blood cells and plasma) was tested from 500g to 1900g at 200g increments for 5 minutes (min), and from 100g to 1300g at 200g increments for 10 minutes. After separating centrifugation, upper plasma layer was transferred to another plain tube for the condensation centrifugation and remaining lower cell layer was discarded. The condensation centrifugation (Step 2, used to condense the platelets in the separated plasma) was tested at 1000g for 15 min, 1500g for 15 min, 2000g for 5 min and 3000g for 5 min, additionally at 1000g for 10 min and 1500g for 10 min. Platelet gelation was induced by adding 10% calcium gluconate to final PRP with volume ratio of 1:10. The optimal separating centrifugation conditions were followed by 900g for 5 minutes and the condensation conditions were followed by 1500g for 15 minutes, of which recovery ratios were 92.0 6 3.1% and 84.3 6 10.0%, respectively. Key Words: platelet-rich plasma, platelet gel, preparation, centrifugation, recovery ratio INTRODUCTION T opically applied platelet-rich plasma (PRP) derived from autologous blood was recently introduced to facilitate tissue healing and regeneration and widely used in almost all fields of surgery for the acceleration of bone and soft tissue formation and for the management of chronic nonhealing wounds.1–4 The use of PRP combines 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. 2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea. 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. * Corresponding author, e-mail: ryhak@hanmail.net DOI: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-10-00155 the advantage of an autologous fibrin clot that will aid in hemostasis as well as the provision of growth factors in high concentration to the site of a tissue defect or a region requiring augmentation after platelet release.3 Despite the increasing application of PRP for local tissue healing and regeneration, there still remains some controversy about clinical benefits of PRP, and the heterogeneous PRP from different preparation protocols in each study made it difficult to compare the results.5,6 The actual quantity of platelets is a prior requirement for the effectiveness of PRP and there has, nevertheless, been no properly standardized preparation method systemically verified in terms of platelet recovery ratio.7–9 For the evaluation of the effectiveness of preparation method within this study, both the platelet Journal of Oral Implantology 525

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Journal of Oral Implantology October 2013

Food and Drug Administration: Reclassification of Blade Form Dental Implants
Optimizing Platelet-Rich Plasma Gel Formation by Varying Time and Gravitational Forces During Centrifugation
Effect of Surface Roughness and Low-Level Laser Therapy on Removal Torque of Implants Placed in Rat Femurs
Impression Techniques for Multiple Implants: A Photoelastic Analysis. Part I: Comparison of Three Direct Methods
Impression Techniques for Multiple Implants: A Photoelastic Analysis. Part II: Comparison of Four Acrylic Resins
A Pig Model for the Histomorphometric Evaluation of Hard Tissue Around Dental Implants
In Situ Tooth Replica Custom Implant: A 3-Dimensional Finite Element Stress and Strain Analysis
Influence of Different Soft Liners on Stress Distribution in Peri-Implant Bone Tissue During Healing Period. A 3D Finite Element Analysis
Influence of Surface Nano-Roughness on Osseointegration of Zirconia Implants in Rabbit Femur Heads Using Selective Infiltration Etching Technique
Modified Titanium Surfaces Alter Osteogenic Differentiation: A Comparative Microarray- Based Analysis of Human Mesenchymal Cell Response to Commercial Titanium Surfaces
Hemorrhage Secondary to Interforaminal Implant Surgery: Anatomical Considerations and Report of a Case
Rehabilitation of a Patient With Mandibular Resection Using Osteointegrated Implants: A Case Report
Two-Stage Bone Expansion Technique Using Spear-Shaped Implants Associated With Overlapped Flap: A Case Report
Implant Esthetic Restoration in Ridge Deficiencies in Cases of Trauma: A Case Report
Rehabilitation of the Atrophic Maxilla With Tilted Implants: Review of the Literature

Journal of Oral Implantology October 2013