Journal of Oral Implantology December 2013 - (Page 714) RESEARCH Microbiological Aspects of Human Mandibular Subperiosteal Dental Implants Thomas E. Rams, DDS, MHS, PhD1,2* Burton E. Balkin, DMD1,3 Thomas W. Roberts, DDS4 Arthur K. Molzan, DDS5 Clinical, microbiological, and biochemical features of human mandibular subperiosteal dental implants exhibiting peri-implantitis were compared with those experiencing long-term peri-implant health. After evaluation of clinical parameters, submucosal plaque samples were obtained from permucosal implant abutment posts exhibiting probing depths !5 mm and bleeding on probing in subjects with peri-implantitis (n ¼ 3) and from posts with peri-implant health in subjects with long-term subperiosteal implant health (n ¼ 8). The microbial specimens were transported in VMGA III and plated onto enriched Brucella blood agar and Hammond's selective medium with anaerobic incubation, and onto selective TSBV with 5% CO2 incubation. Total anaerobic viable counts and selected bacterial species were identified using established phenotypic methods and criteria. In vitro resistance to doxycycline (2 lg/mL), amoxicillin (2 lg/mL), or metronidazole (4 lg/ mL) was recorded per subject when bacterial pathogen growth was noted on antibiotic-supplemented isolation plates. Interleukin (IL)-1b levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in peri-implant crevicular fluid samples from 5 study subjects. Significantly higher Plaque Index scores, higher total anaerobic viable counts, more red complex species, and lower proportions of gram-positive facultative viridans streptococci and Actinomyces species were detected on peri-implantitis-affected subperiosteal implants as compared with subperiosteal implants with long-term peri-implant health. No in vitro resistance to the 3 test antibiotic breakpoint concentrations studied was found, except a Fusobacterium nucleatum strain resistant to doxycycline at 2 lg/mL from 1 peri-implantitis subject. Subperiosteal implants with peri-implantitis tended to yield higher peri-implant crevicular fluid IL-1b levels. The level of peri-implant supramucosal plaque control and the composition of the peri-implant submucosal microbiome may be important determinants of the long-term clinical status of mandibular subperiosteal dental implants. Key Words: subperiosteal, dental implant, microbial culture, Porphyromonas gingivalis, peri-implantitis, peri-implant health INTRODUCTION 1 Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, and Oral Microbiology Testing Service Laboratory, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Penn. 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Penn. 3 Private practice, Philadelphia, Penn. 4 Private practice, West Palm Beach, Fla. 5 Private practice, Ft Myers, Fla. * Corresponding author, e-mail: trams@temple.edu DOI: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-11-00023 714 Vol. XXXIX /No. Six /2013 S ubperiosteal dental implants represent a treatment option available for management of severely atrophic edentulous mandibles.1,2 Originating from Sweden in the early 1940s3 and introduced and refined in the United States in the 1950s,4,5 subperiosteal implants appear to be rarely used today in oral implantology practices as compared with an estimated 5000 annual patient placements in the United States during the late 1980s.6 Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Journal of Oral Implantology December 2013 Blade-Form Dental Implants: FDA Reclassification as a Class II Dental Implant Device Effect of Different Storage Media on the Regenerative Potential of Autogenous Bone Grafts: A Histomorphometrical Analysis in Rabbits Tensile Resistance of Mineralized and Demineralized Rat Bones in Different Regions (Calvarial and Femur) Microbial Diversity of Peri-Implant Biofilms on Implant Fixed Bar and Telescopic Double Crown Attachments Evidence-Based Techniques to Assess the Performance of Dental Implants Influence of Platform and Abutment Angulation on Peri-Implant Bone. A Three- Dimensional Finite Element Stress Analysis Direct Current Electric Stimulation in Implant Osseointegration: An Experimental Animal Study With Sheep Prevalence of Sinus Augmentation Associated With Maxillary Posterior Implants The Bactericidal Effects of an Acidified Sodium Chlorite-Containing Oral Moisturizing Gel: A Pilot Study Influence of Fine Threads and Platform-Switching on Crestal Bone Stress Around Implant— A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis An Evaluation of the Resonance Frequency Analysis Device: Examiner Reliability and Repeatability of Readings Histologic and Histomorphometric Assessment of Implants and Periapical Tissues When Placed in the Sockets of Extracted Teeth, Teeth With Periapical Lesions, and Healed Lesions: A Canine Study Microbiological Aspects of Human Mandibular Subperiosteal Dental Implants A Technique for Removal of a Fractured Implant Abutment Screw Eight-Year Results of Site Retention of Anorganic Bovine Bone and Anorganic Bovine Matrix A Reactive Lesion (Pyogenic Granuloma) Associated With Dental Implant: A Case Report Twelve-Year Clinical and Radiological Results of Maxillary and Mandibular Implant- Retained Bar Overdentures Carried out on Oxidized (TiUnite) Replace Select Implants: A Clinical Case PEEK Dental Implants: A Review of the Literature Journal of Oral Implantology December 2013 http://www.brightcopy.net/allen/orim/Glossary http://www.nxtbook.com/allen/orim/40-6 http://www.nxtbook.com/allen/orim/40-5 http://www.nxtbook.com/allen/orim/40-4 http://www.nxtbook.com/allen/orim/40-s1 http://www.nxtbook.com/allen/orim/40-3 http://www.nxtbook.com/allen/orim/40-2 http://www.nxtbook.com/allen/orim/40-1 http://www.nxtbook.com/allen/orim/39-6 http://www.nxtbook.com/allen/orim/39-5 http://www.nxtbook.com/allen/orim/39-4 http://www.nxtbook.com/allen/orim/39-3 http://www.nxtbook.com/allen/orim/39-s1 http://www.nxtbook.com/allen/orim/39-2 http://www.nxtbook.com/allen/orim/39-1 http://www.nxtbook.com/allen/orim/38-6 http://www.nxtbook.com/allen/orim/38-5 http://www.nxtbook.com/allen/orim/38-s1 http://www.nxtbook.com/allen/orim/38-4 http://www.nxtbook.com/allen/orim/38-3 http://www.nxtbook.com/allen/orim/38-2 http://www.nxtbook.com/allen/orim/38-1 http://www.nxtbookMEDIA.com
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