Journal of Oral Implantology February 2014 - (Page 15)

RESEARCH Wired/Classic and Wireless/Periotest ' M'' Instruments: An In Vitro Assessment of Repeatability of Stability Measurements Patricia M. Crum, DDS, MPA Harold Frederick Morris, DDS, MS* Sheldon Winkler, DDS Deborah DesRosiers, DDS, MS Douglas Yoshino, DDS This in vitro study evaluated agreement among 10 trained evaluators when assessing implant stability with the Wired/Classic and Wireless/Periotest ''M.'' A difference of 1 Periotest value (PTV) between the wired (À7) and wireless (À8) instruments was observed for the pretest calibration ring. No significant differences were found between the instruments and for all evaluators for all tests (analysis of variance, P , .05). Each instrument can provide meaningful and reproducible recordings of stability measurements. Key Words: Periotest, stability measurements, in vitro testing, dental implant INTRODUCTION O sseointegration of dental implants was introduced in 1985 by Branemark and his coworkers.1 As clinical success rates increased, dentists expanded their use of implants to include more challenging prosthodontic applications. Primary implant stability depends on boneimplant contact, bone density, and implant length, material, and design. During healing, secondary stability occurs with the formation of woven and lamellar bone.2 Long-term clinical implant survival depends on the establishment and maintenance of integration sufficient to withstand the stresses encountered during function. Microstrains greater than 4000 produce microdamage that exceeds the threshold of bone tolerance3 and could result in a gradual loss of integration.4-6 At microstrains of about 3000, hypertrophic bone develops around VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich. * Corresponding author, email: harold.morris@va.gov DOI: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-10-00185 the implant, which increases stability. Microstrains lower than 2000 could result in the loss of calcium and bone atrophy, which would likely result in decreased stability. Both short-term and long-term clinical success of implant-retained dental prostheses depend on the establishment and maintenance of a healthy bone-implant interface. Regardless of the type of implant, the skill employed during implant placement, and prosthesis design, the bone-implant interface may begin to fail for a variety of reasons. Breakdown may occur gradually during the different stages of implant treatment without any obvious clinical signs. Unless the adverse conditions are corrected, catastrophic failure at the interface may result in a decrease of implant stability. Implants exhibiting significant clinical mobility are considered failures. Over the years, dentists have used a variety of methods to determine when the bone-implant interface was sufficiently established for the dental prosthesis to be safely subjected to loading during function.7 There is also a need to detect early signs of failure in order to introduce corrective interventional therapy to prevent the loss of the implant. Journal of Oral Implantology 15

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Journal of Oral Implantology February 2014

Evolution of Bone Grafting for Improved Predictability
Electrochemical Behavior of Titanium in Artificial Saliva: Influence of pH
Efficacy of Antibacterial Sealing Gel and O-Ring to Prevent Microleakage at the Implant
Wired/Classic and Wireless/Periotest ‘‘M’’ Instruments: An In Vitro Assessment of
Altered Position of the Medial Lingual Nutritional Foramina at Different Stages of Alveolar
Genotoxicity of Endosseous Implants Using Two Cellular Lineages In Vitro
Implants With Internal Hexagon and Conical Implant-Abutment Connections: An In Vitro
Stress Distribution Around Maxillary Anterior Implants as a Factor of Labial Bone Thickness
Peri-Implant Biomechanical Responses to Standard, Short-Wide, and Mini Implants
Removal Torque Analysis of Implants in Rabbit Tibia After Topical Application of
Nonprocessed Adipose Tissue Graft in the Treatment of Peri-Implant Osseous Defects in
Assessment of the Effect of Two Occlusal Concepts for Implant-Supported Fixed
Nerve Damage Assessment Following Implant Placement in Human Cadaver Jaws:
Dental Implants: Early Versus Standard Two-Stage Loading (Animal Study)
Intravenous Sedation for Implant Surgery: Midazolam, Butorphanol, and
Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite-Based Material Already Contributes to Implant Stability
Two Neglected Biologic Risk Factors in Bone Grafting and Implantology: High Low-Density

Journal of Oral Implantology February 2014