A Unique Slant of Light: The Bicentennial History of Art in Louisiana - (Page 10)

drove the British from East and West Florida. Galvez, and his America that quickly spread to Europe. Dubbed “The French successors, practiced an open immigration policy that gave and Indian War” in the British American colonies and the refuge to loyal and rebel British-Americans fleeing the Revolution “Seven Years War” in Europe, the conflict effectively was to and to the Acadians (whose descendants are Louisiana’s famous eliminate France as a colonial power in North America. Despite Cajuns) driven from Nova Scotia by the British. Canary Islanders, an alliance between France and Spain a year before the war today’s Isleños, settled in the swamps and bayous south of New ended, the British and American colonists defeated the French in 1763. As a result, France ceded to England all of Canada and Orleans, where their descendants still live today. Unlike the French colonial years, New Orleans and Louisiana French territory east of the Mississippi River, keeping for itself thrived under the Spanish. In 1792 Spanish Governor Don just two small islands in the St. Lawrence Seaway. Spain ceded Francisco Luis Hector, Baron Carondelet, established the city’s to England both East and West Florida (which stretched from first theater and newspaper, Le today’s Pensacola, Florida, to Baton Moniteur de la Louisiane, followed Rouge, Louisiana, on the by the city’s first police force in Mississippi River). 1796. He also ordered the lighting New Orleans and Louisiana of city streets at night by oil west of the Mississippi, however, were not included in the treaty. In lamps, ordered the city’s fortifications rebuilt, and oversaw 1762, Louis XV, realizing that he the digging of the Carondelet was losing the war, convinced his Canal, which provided a navigable cousin, King Carlos III of Spain, waterway for commerce from the to enter the war on the side of city’s rear gates to Bayou St. John France. As a token of appreciation, and Lake Pontchartrain. One of Louis gladly ceded Louisiana to the most important events to his cousin, especially as the colony occur during his administration was a drain on the royal treasury. was in 1796 when Etienne de Carlos III, however, accepted Boré harvested a sugarcane crop Louisiana as a buffer to keep the on his plantation upriver from British away from nearby Mexico. New Orleans near present-day Most Louisiana Frenchmen were Audubon Park. Although earlier deeply opposed to the deal. In Louisianians had planted cane 1768 they drove out Spanish and produced sugar, Boré has governor Don Antonio de Ulloa. been credited with the successful Colonists begged the French crown granulation of sugar, which raised unsuccessfully to take them back, sugar production to the level of but Spain’s retaliation was quick making it a profitable industry. and complete. In July 1769 Spanish As a result, sugar—and later with forces arrived under the command cotton—rapidly became one of of General Alexander O’Reilly, an colonial and antebellum Irishman in Spanish service, who Louisiana’s chief industries and crushed the short-lived rebellion, exports. set up a new government, and By the end of this era, the executed the rebel leaders. ANTOINE SIMON LE PAGE DU PRATZ population of the colony had Though ignored by many (b. circa 1695, Netherlands – d. circa 1775, France) American history textbooks, increased five-fold with Chasse générale du Chevreuil, 1758 Engraving; 5 x 2 in. Spanish Louisiana played a major plantations and farms lining the The Historic New Orleans Collection rivers and bayous and new role in the American Revolution settlements springing up in against the British Crown. Through Opelousas, the Atakapas Post (today’s St. Martinville), the the Louisiana colony, the Spanish (and American agents in the Florida Parishes, and in Northeast Louisiana with Fort Miro city) sent supplies and munitions to the American rebels and (today’s Monroe). New Orleans prospered despite fires, plagues, allowed American raiding parties to launch forays into British rebellions, pressure from westward expanding Americans, and West Florida. While the British were busy with their upstart the French Revolution, when mobs of French New Orleanians American colonials, Spanish Governor Bernardo de Galvez 10 COLONIAL THROUGH ANTEBELLUM LOUISIANA http://www.knowla.org/entry.php?rec=1241 http://www.knowla.org/entry.php?rec=1241

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A Unique Slant of Light: The Bicentennial History of Art in Louisiana

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