Langues appliquées - Anglais : Economie, gestion, droit, AES - 4e - 190

Law

ee DEFINITIONS eee
R UK Supreme Court (the) the final court of appeal for criminal cases in England, Wales
and Northern Ireland and the final court of appeal in the UK for civil cases (that is, cases not
involving criminal law), hearing cases of great public or constitutional importance
R United Kingdom (the) the sovereign state made up of four countries - England, Wales,
Scotland and Northern Ireland
R constitution the set of principles and rules by which a country is organised, which in the
UK relates to statutes, conventions, judicial decisions and treaties
R sovereign power the authority to create and repeal law, which in UK constitutional law
reflects the doctrine that the monarch in Parliament is competent to make or unmake any
law whatsoever and cannot be challenged in any court
R branches of government the executive, legislative and judicial authorities which in
accordance with the doctrine of the separation of powers check and balance one another
R Parliament the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom, composed of the House of
Commons (lower chamber), the House of Lords (upper chamber) and the Queen-in-Parliament
R Queen-in-Parliament (the) (or the King-in-Parliament) the Crown in its legislative role
R constitutional court a court whose principal duty is to ensure that new and existing
legislation is compatible with the country's constitution
R guardian a person or institution lawfully invested with the power to take care of and protect
the property and rights of others; custodian
R ordinary (law) courts courts not dealing with constitutional matters
R power of abstract review the authority to verify the validity of the law without this being
needed to be prompted by a specific legal case
R power of concrete review the authority to verify the validity of law by way of a specific case
R jurisdiction (2) the authority of a court, tribunal or other official organisation to make legal
decisions and pass judgments
R common law the body of law based on judicial decisions and custom, as distinct from
statute law
R legislation law enacted by a legislative body such as Parliament
R ruling a decision, a judgment or an authoritative decision taken by a judge
R judicial review a court's authority to examine legislative, executive and administrative
decisions to determine whether they are compatible with the constitution of the county or not
R Bill of Rights of 1791 (the) the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution
R strike down declare a law unenforceable
R federal legislation the body of law deriving from a country's federal government, here the
law derived from the US Constitution
R legislation of the States law enacted by the legislative authorities in the individual states
R v standing for versus, meaning in opposition to; in the UK, to be read as "and" in a civil law
case and "against" in a criminal case and in the US simply as versus
R incident something that depends upon, appertains to, or follows something else.
R Law Lords the familiar name for the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary - the judges appointed
under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876 to exercise judicial functions in the House of Lords
and who were replaced in 2009 in the newly created Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
by the Justices of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom pursuant to the Constitutional
Reform Act 2005
Table des matières de la publication Langues appliquées - Anglais : Economie, gestion, droit, AES - 4e
