JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 30

civil engineering
Preliminary design report
For this project, the preliminary design report recommended replacing the existing bridge with adjacent precast box beams. This recommendation was later changed to HCB after MaineDOT discovered, researched and tested the new HCB technology at the University of Maine. Since the existing bridge had a low load rating, it could not be used to transport or off-load the heavier precast box beams, thus it would have necessitated a trestle or large barge and crane. The construction documents were prepared by Calderwood Engineering of Richmond, Maine, with assistance on the HCB design from Teng & Associates, Inc. (an exp. firm based in Chicago, Illinois). Eric T. Calderwood, P.E., chief engineer at Calderwood Engineering, noted that corrosion and long-term durability were key design factors since this structure is over salt water and there are times when the water is very close to the bottom of the beams. These factors made HCB attractive as a design solution. “We have a good history of the use of composites in a marine environment here in Maine as there are boat yards all along the coast today that use composites, so it is a material that we have confidence in for this kind of exposure condition,” he said. “Further, HCB was attractive because the weight of the beams during erection would give them a considerable advantage over precast.” In order to comply with the hydraulic criteria for the new bridge, the HCBs were designed to match the recommended 84cm depth box beams in order to maintain the required vertical underclearance. Further, similar to the proposed precast box-beam bridge, the HCB framing system was limited to two 18.3-m end spans and six 21.3-m interior spans resulting in an eight-span bridge with a total length of 164.6 metres. The beams were also made continuous for live load with negative moment reinforcing steel cast over the piers in the 178-mm concrete topping slab. According to Calderwood, the design was impacted at the subs-

HCB’s placed side by side for no deck forming

tructure units because the dead load was significantly less than the original precast design, however, the engineering team had to design for significant wave action.

Simplicity in erection
Construction began in the spring of 2010 with the installation of seven pile bents comprised of concrete-filled pipe piles with rock anchors tensioned into bedrock. Each bent was constructed with only one row of piles to allow for deflection under temperature loads. Only one bent was constructed with two rows of piles to provide longitudinal fixity. The only expansion joints are located at the abutments. In the fall of 2010, prior to completing the substructure construction, the general contractor, Wyman & Simpson, began erection of the HCB units. Using HCB, the contractor was able to drive the trucks with the beams on the existing bridge and off-load them using the same barge and crane needed for the substructure. He was able also to ship the beams across the existing timber bridge even with the posted load restrictions. In general, the HCBs were erected at a rate of approximately eight beams per day. After setting the first four spans of the bridge, the contractor placed

Enhanced safety benefit
“One of my considerations when using something new is how it will function,” said Calderwood. “In this case, we had a full-size beam made up at the University of Maine’s Advanced Structures and Composites Center (AEWC) with arch filled and deck cast on it as it would be in the field. This beam was then fully instrumented and tested for fatigue considerations, and then once fatigue was fully satisfied it was tested to destruction. The beam had approximately four times the capacity required.” However, most important, from a structural engineering standpoint, HCB offers an enhanced safety benefit because flexural components need to fail in a ductile manner to ensure that distortions are visible and allow for repair and or closure/evacuation prior to ultimate failure. Protection against a sudden non-ductile failure is inherent in the use of the HCB technology because the design of the beams is actually governed by deflection. Any decomposition or structural loss of capacity should be readily visible by any maintenance crews and or the general public.

More information
HC Bridge Company LLC specializes in the development and commercialization of composite bridge technology that accelerates bridge construction and provides structures designed to offer service lives beyond 100 years.

30 jec composites magazine / No77 December 2012



JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012

Cover
Edito
Point of view: strategy
Agenda of Events
COMPANY & BUSINESS In Brief
- Event
APPLICATIONS
- Shelter
- Van
- Bus
MARKET
- Human resources
- Epoxy resin
FEATURE CONSTRUCTION
- Education
- Indian experience
- Civil engineering
- Pipe
- Sewer pipe
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
- Infusion
- IR welding
TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATIONS
- 3D preforming
- Tools
- Tools
Index
In the world
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - Cover
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 2
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - Edito
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - Point of view: strategy
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 5
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 6
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 7
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - Agenda of Events
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 9
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - COMPANY & BUSINESS In Brief
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 11
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Event
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 13
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Shelter
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Van
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Bus
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Human resources
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Epoxy resin
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 19
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 20
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Education
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 22
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 23
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 24
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Indian experience
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 26
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 27
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 28
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Civil engineering
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 30
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 31
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 32
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 33
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 34
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 35
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Pipe
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 37
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Sewer pipe
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 39
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 40
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 41
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Infusion
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 43
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - IR welding
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 45
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 46
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 47
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - 3D preforming
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 49
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 50
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Tools
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 52
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Tools
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 54
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 55
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 56
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - Index
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - In the world
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 59
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 60
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