Milling Journal - Q1 2008 - (Page 44)

Perceptions on Grain Protectants Kansas producers responded to a 2004 survey regarding wheat protectants. In 2004, I conducted a survey and two focus group meetings with Kansas producers to summarize their perceptions regarding the loss of organophosphate grain protectants under the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) and stored grain pest management options. The questionnaire-based survey and focus group meetings were conducted in cooperation with the Kansas Wheat Commission, The High Plains Journal, Farmer Direct Foods, and The Kansas Crop Improvement Association. A total of 17,000 questionnaires were mailed to producers in Kansas. Of the 17,000 surveys, 236 from 73 counties were completed and returned. The farm size of the respondents varied from 80 acres to 20,800 acres, with an average size of 2,132 acres. protectant was allowed until FQPA Review of Grain Pest Management Dec. 31, 2004. Protectants Malathion can be used as The first question dealt with a grain protectant, but there producers’ familiarity with the is documented resistance in FQPA. Approximately 60% economically important said they were aware of the act, stored-product insects to this while 39% were unaware. compound. The organophosphate inPirimiphos-methyl has resecticides were the first targets ceived a favorable review for review under the FQPA. and is legal to use on stored Grain protectants, including corn and sorghum. malathion, chlorpyrifos-meDr. Bhadriraju thyl (Reldan), and pirimiphosSubramanyam Controlling Storedmethyl, were included in the Product Insects review of organophosphate Nearly 97% of the respondents indiinsecticides. cated that control of insects in their stored As a result of the FQPA review, the only wheat is important. insecticide that is no longer approved as a When asked to rank insect species that grain protectant is chlorpyrifos-methyl. are troublesome in their stored wheat, The use of chlorpyrifos-methyl as a grain producers felt that weevils were most important, followed by the Indianmeal moth, red flour beetle, lesser grain borer, and rusty grain beetle. Producers typically call any beetle found in grain a weevil. However, weevils generally are not a serious problem in stored wheat. The most important insect pest is the lesser grain borer. All of the chemical applications, including the fumigant phosphine, are applied to manage this pest throughout the wheat marketing system. Grain protectant vs. fumigant. Most grain-protectant applications occur on the farm, while phosphine is predominantly used once the wheat leaves the farm. About 55% of the producers indicated that they apply protectants to their stored wheat, while 44% said they apply the fumigant phosphine. Protectants are applied to uninfested, newly-harvested grain at the time of bin-filling. One application, depending on the product, offers long-term protection. Therefore, use of protectants is a preventive approach. Phosphine gas is used after an infestation is detected. It has no residual effectiveness; hence the use of phosphine is a responsive approach. Even though phosphine is used routinely once the wheat leaves the farm, a 1999 survey conducted by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) Response No. 441 44 First Quarter 2008 MILLING JOURNAL http://www.norvellco.com http://www.norvellco.com

Table of Contents Feed for the Digital Edition of Milling Journal - Q1 2008

Milling Journal - First Quarter 2008 Contents First Break Examining Fortification Standards IAOM 2008 Milling Short Courses 2008 IAOM Conference and Expo Melinda Farris Interview Designing a Purifierless Millflow Dirk Maier Named KSU Dept. Head NAMA’s 2008 Division Meetings Protecting Electrical Workers Miller Profiles Todd Bastean Interview Safety: How Serious Are We? Product Quality/Gwirtz Product Roundup: Magnets Pest Management/Subramanyam Explosion Protection Supplier Interview: Darin Stutler Product Reviews New IAOM Safety Award Criteria Don’t Forget OSHA Form 300A Milling Notes Great Lakes Regional Conference 4th Quarter 2007 Flour Production IAOM Reference Guide Hammermills Brushes Aspirators Level Indicators Product Reviews Magnets Mixers Packaging Purifiers Safety Equipment Screeners Separators Sifter Accessories Ad Index

Milling Journal - Q1 2008

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