For the Defense - Volume 1, Issue 3 - 2016 - 47
is not constant during the breath sample delivery. Finally, and most importantly, the circulating
liquid blood is NOT in direct contact with the air
in the lower lung alveoli regions. The alcohol
vaporizing out of the blood must transit through
variable cellular membranes before entering the
lower alveoli,4 thereby establishing a lung alcohol vapor level.
Thus, the lung physiology becomes very important in making the leap from a detected machine
response from a breath sample to accurately determine the amount of alcohol in a person's blood.5
Obviously, a person who is suffering from lung
disorders such as, asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, the flu, (influenza) and lung congestion will
have problems delivering a normal representative
breath sample.
The breath sample must be delivered over
a period of time to achieve a minimum sample
volume (normally 1500 cubic centimeters (ccs)).
Each person will deliver different breath pressures
and volumes. A constant breath alcohol concentration is never achieved during delivery of the breath
sample. 6 The alcohol concentration varies greatly as
shown by real time direct analysis of expired breath
using mass spectrometry. 7 It also is confirmed that
the breath alcohol concentration depends on the
amount/volume of air exhaled. 8 9 10
The common statement in the breath testing
literature is that the very last part of the breath
sample is deep lung air or alveolar air. 11 12 This is
not true.13
In summary, using Henry's law to directly and
accurately determine the amount of alcohol in
an individual's blood is flawed. All constraints
which must be satisfied in Henry's Law are not
satisfied when applied to humans. There is no
average individual when it comes to breath testing. The machine treats every individual as if they
were a near perfect specimen such as a calibration
solution.
Beer-Lambert Law
The machine (if infrared based) in simple terms,
consists of a light source (infrared energy), a
sample cell where the person's breath sample is
introduced, and a light (infrared) detector. The
light source is on one end of the sample cell and
the detector is on the other end of the sample cell.
The Beer-Lambert Law14 states that there exists
an exponential relationship between the amount
Vol. 1, Issue 3 | For The Defense
47
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of For the Defense - Volume 1, Issue 3 - 2016
Contents
For the Defense - Volume 1, Issue 3 - 2016 - 1
For the Defense - Volume 1, Issue 3 - 2016 - 2
For the Defense - Volume 1, Issue 3 - 2016 - Contents
For the Defense - Volume 1, Issue 3 - 2016 - 4
For the Defense - Volume 1, Issue 3 - 2016 - 5
For the Defense - Volume 1, Issue 3 - 2016 - 6
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