The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 43, No. 3 - 65

Critical Consciousness Development

students' critical consciousness development.
Instructors can augment and adjust curriculum as needed and provide a dynamic learning environment through a flexible teaching
method informed by student self-reflection
assignments after each major component. Periodic self-reflection has been a crucial way for
students to also self-assess their critical consciousness development.
	 Future research on social justice-focused
living-learning communities is needed to
create a general understanding of how social
justice as an area of inquiry is explored. The
environment of the LLC is but one dimension
to how students develop critical consciousness.
Furthermore, the academic content and curriculum plays a significant part in their awareness and willingness to engage in social change
beyond service-learning. Bringing together the
pieces of academic content, service-learning,
travel, and the LLC environment appears to
create a richer, more holistic cumulative experience for the development of students' critical
consciousness.

0044118X14538289, first published on June 17, 2014.
Diemer, M. A., & Li, C.H. (2011). Critical Consciousness development and political participation
among marginalized youth. Child Development,
82(6), 1815-1833.
Freire, P. (2000). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New
York: Continuum.
Hurtado, S., Engberg, M. E., Ponjuan, L., & Landreman, L. (2002). Students' precollege preparation
for participation in a diverse democracy. Research
in Higher Education, 43(2), 163-186.
Inkelas, K. K., Daver, Z. E., Vogt, K. E., & Leonard,
J. B. (2007). Living-learning programs and firstgeneration college students' academic and social
transition to college. Research in Higher education, 48(4), 403-434.
Inkelas, K. K., Drechsler, M., Szelényi, K., Kim, Y.
C., McCarron, G. P., Soldner, M., ... & Mainieri,
T. (2007). National study of living-learning programs. UW-Madison Customized Report.
Lenning, O. T., & Ebbers, L. H. (1999). The Powerful Potential of Learning Communities: Improving
Education for the Future. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report, Vol. 26, No. 6. ERIC Clearinghouse
on Higher Education, One Dupont Circle, NW,
Suite 630, Washington, DC 20036-1183.

REFERENCES

Longerbeam, S. D., & Sedlacek, W. E. (2006). Attitudes toward diversity and living-learning
outcomes among first- and second-year college
students. NASPA Journal, 43(1), 40-55.

Boud, D., Keogh, R., & Walker, D. (1985). Reflection: Turning experience into learning. New York:
Routledge.

Love, A. G., & Tokuno, K. A. (1999). Learning community models. Learning communities: New structures, new partnerships for learning, 9-18.

Cipolle, S. B. (2010). Service-learning and social justice:
Engaging students in social change. Lanham, Md.:
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Murphy, R. K. (2002). Contributions to the attainment of learning outcomes through co-curricular activities: Perceptions from students at Bowling Green
State University. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Bowling Green State University.

Diemer, M. A., Rapa, L. J., Park, C. J., & Perry, J.
C. (2014). Development and validation of the
Critical Consciousness Scale. Youth & Society,

Rosenberger, Cynthia. (2000). Beyond empathy:

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The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 43, No. 3

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 43, No. 3

Contents
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 43, No. 3 - Intro
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