Veterinary Medicine - December 2007 - (Page MerialB)

Immunology Bulletin Table 1: Adjuvant status of vaccine types available for cats Vaccine antigen Panleukopenia (MLV*) Panleukopenia (killed) Herpesvirus and calicivirus (MLV) Herpesvirus and calicivirus (killed) Feline leukemia virus (recombinant) Feline leukemia virus (killed) Feline immunodeficiency virus (killed) Route of administration Subcutaneous and intranasal preparations Subcutaneous Subcutaneous and intranasal preparations Subcutaneous Transdermal (needle-free) Subcutaneous Subcutaneous Adjuvant status Adjuvantfree Adjuvanted Adjuvantfree Adjuvanted Adjuvantfree Adjuvanted Adjuvanted Vaccine antigen Feline infectious peritonitis (MLV) Chlamydophila felis (formerly Chlamydia psittaci, avirulent-live) Chlamydophila felis (formerly Chlamydia psittaci, killed) Route of administration Intranasal only Subcutaneous Adjuvant status Adjuvantfree Adjuvantfree Subcutaneous Adjuvanted Bordetella bronchiIntranasal only septica (avirulent live) Giardia (killed) Subcutaneous Rabies (recombinant) Subcutaneous Rabies one-year (killed) Rabies three-year (killed) Subcutaneous Subcutaneous Adjuvantfree Adjuvanted Adjuvantfree Adjuvanted Adjuvanted Virulent, systemic Subcutaneous feline calicivirus (killed) Adjuvanted * MLV = modified live virus report linking vaccination with fibrosarcoma in a cat was published by faculty at the University of Pennsylvania.7 The majority of vaccine-associated sarcoma studies conducted in the last 15 years have focused on the role of adjuvant in promoting tissue responses leading to tumor development. Several factors have been studied in vaccineassociated tumors in cats, including genetics, overexpression of growth factors (e.g., plateletderived growth factor), expression of the gene c-jun (associated with cellular proliferation and oncogenesis in vitro), and mutations in p53 (the tumor suppressor gene). These have been summarized in an excellent review.8 Of particular importance is the fact that these changes are associated with the administration of vaccine containing adjuvant. Researchers assert that the mechanism whereby adjuvant induces oncogenic changes in feline tissue may never be proven.8 However, the evidence that associates adjuvant with sarcoma formation is compelling. Mitigating the risk Today, veterinarians have a wide selection of both adjuvanted and adjuvant-free vaccines to consider when developing feline vaccination protocols (Table 1). However, individual vaccines in the United States do not require labeling that specifies whether the product contains an adjuvant. On the other hand, all vaccine labels must list the nature of the antigen type (e.g., killed, modified-live, or recombinant). This information allows practitioners to determine whether adjuvant is present. Veterinarians who wish to avoid the use of adjuvanted vaccines in cats must know that, at the current time, all feline vaccines containing killed virus or bacteria are adjuvanted. Products that are exclusively modified-live, avirulent-live, or recombinant are adjuvant-free. Combination products containing killed virus or bacteria are adjuvanted. The 2006 AAFP Feline Vaccine Advisory Panel Report addresses concerns over the potential relationship among adjuvanted vaccine, vaccination site inflammation, and tumorigenesis.9 The report recommends that veterinarians avoid the use of inflammatory products whenever feasible. Whether or not this recommendation will have a measurable impact on the prevalence of vaccine-associated tumors is not known. However, the use of nonadjuvanted vaccines in cats does offer an important and rational alternative. *To view this publication and a complete reference list online, visit www.advanstarvhc.com/c5. ©2007 Merial Limited Next month in Immunology Bulletin: Canine distemper Duluth, Ga. All rights reserved PUR07PBMAYIMMBULL http://www.advanstarvhc.com/c5 http://www.Merial.com

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Veterinary Medicine - December 2007 Contents Letters Editors' Guest Thanking Our Valued Reviewers The Veterinary Medicine Interview: Dr. Joseph Harari Clinical Exposures Idea Exchange Answers to Three Commonly Asked Questions About Lyme Disease Practical Ideas for Managing Common Internal Medicine Problems A Tip for Interpreting Leptospira Species Titers Investigating Proteinuric Kidney Disease Counseling New Puppy Owners: Normal Play vs. Aggressive Tendencies 11 Guidelines for Conservatively Treating Chronic Kidney Disease CE Form Product Preview Advertiser Index Marketplace/Classifieds Mind Over Miller Merial Insert

Veterinary Medicine - December 2007

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