Veterinary Medicine - December 2008 - (Page 671)

31. Gregory CR. Immunosuppressive agents. In: Kirk’s current veterinary therapy XIII small animal practice. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co, 2000;509-513. 32. Nielsen L, Niessen S, Ramsay IK, et al. The use of mycophenolate mofetil in eight dogs with idiopathic immune mediated haemolytic anaemia, in Proceedings. European Coll Vet Intern Med Companion Anim Congress 2005. 33. Miller E. The use of danazol in the therapy of immune-mediated disease of dogs. Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim) 1997;12(3):167-169. 34. White HL, O’Toole TE, Rozanski EA, et al. Early treatment of canine immune-mediated hemolytic anemia with intravenous immunoglobulin: 11 cases (1998-2001) (abst). J Vet Intern Med 2002;16(3):318. 35. Mathes M, Jordan M, Dow S. Evaluation of liposomal clodronate in experimental spontaneous autoimmune hemolytic anemia in dogs. Exp Hematol 2006;34(10):1393-1402. 36. Lunn KF. Liposomal clodronate as a novel treatment for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs. Clinical Trials and Research Projects, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Personal communication, October 2008. 37. Toll, J, Aronsohn M. Prospective evaluation of medical therapy with or without early splenectomy for treatment of severe immunemediated hemolytic anemia in the dog, in Proceedings, Am Coll Vet Intern Med 2003. 38. Thompson MF, Scott-Moncreiff JC, Brooks MB. Effect of a single plasma transfusion on thromboembolism in 13 dogs with primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2004;40(6):446-454. 39. Breuhl EL, Scott-Moncrieff C, Brooks M. A prospective study of unfractionated heparin therapy to prevent thrombosis in canine immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, in Proceedings. Am Coll Vet Intern Med 2005. 40. Birkenheuer AJ, Le JA, Valenzisi AM, et al. Cytauxzoon felis infection in cats in the mid-Atlantic states: 34 cases (1998-2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2006;228(4):568-571. 41. Kohn B, Weingart C, Eckmann V, et al. Primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in 19 cats: diagnosis, therapy, and outcome (1998-2004). J Vet Intern Med 2006;20(1):159-166. 42. de Brito Galvao JF, Trepanier LA. Risk of hemolytic anemia with intravenous administration of famotidine to hospitalized cats. J Vet Intern Med 2008;22(2):325-329. 43. Noble SJ, Armstrong PJ. Bee sting envenomation in secondary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214(7):1026-1027. 44. Trepanier L. Idiosyncratic toxicity associated with potentiated sulfonamides in the dog. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2004:27(3):129-138. 45. Bloom JC, Thiem PA, Sellers TS, et al. Cephalosporin-induced immune mediated cytopenia in the dog: demonstration of erythrocyte-, neutrophil-, and platelet- associated IgG following treatment with cefazedone. Am J Hematol 1988:28(2):71-78. 46. Peterson M. Hyperthyroidism. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, eds. Textbook of veterinary internal medicine. 5th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Co, 2000;1410-1411. 47. EC Feldman, RW Nelson. Feline hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis). Canine and feline endocrinology and reproduction. 3rd ed. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Co, 2004;152-218. 48. Bex eld NH, Villiers EJ, Herrtage ME. Immunemediated haemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia associated with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 2005;46(11):543-548. CE You can earn two hours of continuing education credit from Kansas State University by answering the following questions on IMHA. Circle only the best answer for each question, and transfer your answers to the form on page 672 or take the test online at https://outreach.ksu.edu/ce/. This test expires Jan. 1, 2010. a. Thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia b. Leukocytosis with a left shift c. Neuropathy and respiratory paralysis d. Ehrlichia canis infection e. Thromboembolism and infection from immunosuppression a. To look for spherocytes b. To look for RBC parasites c. To look for microagglutination d. To check for reticulocytes or regeneration e. All of the above 1. What two diagnostic tests are most important for identifying IMHA in anemic dogs? a. Complete blood count and urinalysis b. Blood smear cytology and evaluation of autoagglutination c. Serum chemistry proﬁle and urinalysis d. Abdominal ultrasonography and radiography e. Coagulation panel and bone marrow aspirate 8. Side effects of immunosuppressive drugs used to treat IMHA include all of the following, except: a. Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia b. Exacerbation of atopy c. Pancreatitis and myelosuppression d. Vomiting, diarrhea, and nausea (gastrointestinal upset) e. Increased susceptibility to infection 5. In one study, what three drugs used for treating IMHA showed signiﬁcantly longer survival times than other drug combinations? a. Prednisone, IVIG, and danazol b. Azathioprine, danazol, and cyclosporine c. Cyclosporine, IVIG, and aspirin d. Prednisone, azathioprine, and aspirin e. Danazol, leﬂunomide, and IVIG 2. What is the most common form of IMHA? a. IgG/extravascular b. IgG/intravascular c. IgM/extravascular d. IgM/intravascular e. IgA 9. From beginning to end, the drugtapering schedule for IMHA should span about: a. One to three weeks b. Two to three years c. Three to six months d. Twelve to 18 months e. Three to four days 3. Which diagnostic test should be used if IMHA is suspected but autoagglutination is not seen on the blood smear? a. Serial liver enzyme activities measurements b. PTT c. Coombs test or ﬂow cytometry d. PCR e. Infectious disease panel 6. What are three triggers of secondary IMHA? a. Cushing’s disease, hypophosphatemia, and IVIG infusion b. Fungal infection, severe halitosis, and FeLV c. Mast cell tumors, famotidine administration, and catsup intoxication d. Oxyglobin administration, vaccine reaction, and Addison’s disease e. Pyometra, Babesia canis infection, and lymphoma 4. What are some chief causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with IMHA? 7. Why is it important to evaluate a blood smear in cases of IMHA? 10. All of the following have been considered triggers in feline secondary IMHA, except: a. Osmotic fragility in Abyssinian and Somali cats b. Drug reaction (methimazole) c. Viral infection (FeLV) d. Cytauxzoon felis infection e. Mycoplasma haemofelis infection VETERINARY MEDICINE December 2008 671 https://outreach.ksu.edu/ce/

Table of Contents Feed for the Digital Edition of Veterinary Medicine - December 2008

Veterinary Medicine - December 2008 Contents Letters Thanking Our Valued Reviewers Practical Matters Idea Exchange Why Do Dogs and Cats Eat Grass? Managing Atypical and Critical Cases of Primary Hypoadrenocorticism in Dogs Behaviors Suggestive of Postoperative Pain in Cats What to Consider When Considering Digital Radiography Avoid Common Bandaging Mistakes in Dogs and Cats IMHA: Diagnosing and Treating a Complex Disease CE Form/Advertiser Index Marketplace/Classifieds Mind Over Miller

Veterinary Medicine - December 2008

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