Agilent Measurement Journal - Issue 3 - 2007 - (Page 33)

M Examining the trend towards higher data rates Over the last 20 years, mobile wireless systems have evolved from expensive, low-tech niche markets into one of the world’s biggest high-tech industries. Subscriber numbers this year will exceed 3 billion — or half the planet — with more to come. In addition to subscriber growth, Table 1 shows a parallel growth in cellular peak data rates of four orders of magnitude. Table 1. Growth in cellular peak data rates and spectral efﬁciency Many factors will define the evolution and adoption of commercial wireless technology. From the huge range of possible outcomes, it is useful to consider which factors are most relevant in predicting the future. Figure 1 shows the evolution of wireless since the start of the digital era in the early 1990s. Much industry speculation and debate exists attempting to predict the next-generation market winners with the focus often being on the peak data rates possible. To take a more complete view, however, other important criteria should also be considered: • Achievable data densities given the constraints of interference and deployment costs • The consequences of format proliferation and spectrum fragmentation on system complexity and cost • Customer-centric issues such as compelling end-user services and Quality of Experience (QoE) This article will examine the continuing growth in peak data rates and consider implications on achievable data densities, system cost and customer QoE. The issue of interference and the growing gap between peak and average data rates will be considered. Radio system AMPS GSM Peak data rate Channel BW 30 kHz 200 kHz 200 kHz 1.25 MHz 200 kHz 5 MHz 1.25 MHz 5 MHz 5 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz Freq Spectral reuse efﬁciency 7 4 4 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.015 0.032 0.07 0.25 0.2 0.4 2.4 2.8 8.4 3.7 5 8.0 8.6 15.0 16.3 9.6 kbps 9.6 to 14.4 kbps GPRS 171 kbps IS-95C (cdma2000) 307 kbps EDGE 474 kbps W-CDMA 2 Mbps 1xEV-DO(A) 3.1 Mbps HSDPA 14 Mbps HSDPA+ 2x2* 42 Mbps 802.16e WiMAX 74.8 Mbps LTE 100 Mbps 802.16m 2x2* 160 Mbps LTE 2x2* 172.8 Mbps 802.16m 4x4* 300 Mbps LTE 4x4* 326.4 Mbps * 2x2 and 4x4 = Downlink MIMO (multiple-input/multiple-output) 2G IS-95A cdma GSM IS-136 TDMA PDC 802.11b 802.11a 2.5 G IS-95B cdma HSCSD GPRS iMODE 802.11g 802.11h 3G IS-95C cdma2000 E-GPRS EDGE W-CDMA FDD W-CDMA TDD TD-SCDMA LCR-TDD 802.11n 1xEV-DO Release 0 1xEV-DO Release A 1xEV-DO Release B HSDPA FDD & TDD HSUPA FDD & TDD 802.16d Fixed WiMAX™ WiBRO 3.9 G UMB cf 802.20 LTE E-UTRA EDGE Evolution HSPA+ 802.16e Mobile WiMAX™ 3.5 G Figure 1. The evolution of wireless showing ﬁve competing new systems Agilent Measurement Journal 33

Table of Contents Feed for the Digital Edition of Agilent Measurement Journal - Issue 3 - 2007

Applying Ingenuity to the Measurement of Emerging Technologies Contents Emerging Innovations Department Delivering Bigger Benefits by Optimizing Customer Workflows Measuring Material Properties at the Nanoscale Utilizing In Situ Atomic Force Microscopy in Life Science, Pharmaceutical and other Bio-Related Applications WiMAX™: Plotting a New Path to Global Mobility Addressing the Triple Complexity of Triple-Play Networks What Next for Mobile Telephony? Exploring the Inner Workings of Tire-Pressure Monitoring Systems Developing, Assessing and Applying a High-Resolution Thin-Film Magnetic Probe Making Accurate Settling-Time Measurements Using a Vector Network Analyzer Applying Metabolomics Methods to the Study of Bacterial Leaf Blight in Rice Plants Measuring Stream Dynamics with Fiber Optics survey

Agilent Measurement Journal - Issue 3 - 2007

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