American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2018 - 32

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32 THE AMERICAN OIL & GAS REPORTER

He adds the United States needs a
clear country exemption structure and
straightforward product exclusion process
that includes blanket exclusions once a
product qualifies. TIPRO also calls for
no import quotas for oil or natural gas
steel goods, and advocates that relief to
be granted for purchases made before
the tariffs were announced.
The Independent Petroleum Association
of America notes the tariffs on steel and
aluminum include specialty products on
which the domestic production industry
relies that are not widely available in the
United States. The group says those products are used in well construction, surface
management and pipelines.
"The revival of U.S. oil and natural
gas production has created a strong national economic force, a new capacity
for American exports into the world marketplace, and a major factor in international
energy policies-the inherent framework
of the Trump administration's energy
dominance initiative. Unfortunately, the
implications of these new trade policies
can hinder the progress of any energy
dominance agenda," IPAA warns.
In addition to tariffs' contribution to
higher specialty steel product costs, the
association warns that an excessively
complicated product exclusion process
that particularly burdens small businesses
holds the potential to hamper access to
key imported products.
"And, perhaps most importantly, the
creation of alternative bilateral trade
agreements could lead to restrictive import
quotas that could cripple the sustainability
and expansion of America's oil and natural
gas industry. As the Trump administration's
steel and aluminum production policies
continue to evolve, the administration
needs to understand and address these
unintended consequences," IPAA urges.
International Reponses
The steel and aluminum tariffs are
only one part of ongoing trade disputes
between the United States and other countries, including China, India, Japan, Russia
and Turkey, the Commerce Department
reports.
The White House has complained that
China's overproduction of steel and aluminum, and the resulting impacts on
global markets, threaten to impair U.S.
security. "For many years, China has pursued industrial policies and unfair trade
practices-including dumping, discriminatory nontariff barriers, forced technology
transfer, overcapacity and industrial subsidies-that champion Chinese firms and
make it impossible for many U.S. firms
to compete on a level playing field,"
Trump states.

China began imposing additional 1525 percent tariffs on selected U.S. products
in April, Commerce officials note, and
those retaliatory tariffs are inconsistent
with international trade laws.
Among the $60 billion it levied in retaliatory tariffs, China has imposed a 10
percent tariff on U.S. liquefied natural
gas cargoes, Longanecker observes. He
warns that the trade dispute may further
threaten U.S. exports of crude oil and
LNG to China, noting oil is not on China's
official tariff list, but the country didn't
import any U.S. crude in August.
"China is the largest importer of oil
and the second-largest importer of LNG
in the world," Longanecker says. "Chinese
imports accounted for 23 percent of total
U.S. crude exports in 2017, and were averaging more than 20 percent this year,
up until August. By 2019, the United
States is set to become the largest LNG
exporter in the world, exceeding exports
from our country valued at more than $3
billion in 2017, as well as increasing
levels of crude exports, which reached a
record 2 million barrels a day in May of
this year."
Longanecker says with LNG demand
expected to increase significantly during
the next 18 months, China's tariffs on
U.S. gas shipments are causing concern
about export facility construction in the
United States.
"Eliminating overly burdensome regulations and supporting pro-American
energy policies has allowed the U.S. oil
and natural gas industry to increase production, exports, tax revenue and employment, while decreasing our country's
dependence on foreign oil," Longanecker
says. "While President Trump's commitment to fulfill all campaign promises is
admirable, tariffs and trade disputes conflict with his energy dominance agenda,
which could have a lasting impact on the
U.S. oil and gas industry."
r

Coming In December
Stimulation & Completion special
reports, with engineers at Hess Corporation detailing how they are integrating microseismic, geomechanics,
modeling and reservoir simulation in
the Bakken to characterize parent
well depletion and optimize child
well performance. CNX Resources'
senior vice president of engineering
and operations at also presents the
modeling and analytics-based workflow being used to fast track the
Deep Dry Utica's development.

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American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2018

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2018