American Oil and Gas Reporter - April 2019 - 55

SpecialReport: Drilling Technology
zones to target and develop within its
lease acreage.
A well-established petrophysical workflow involves grouping and characterizing
similar rock types into lithofacies. The
same facies modeling can be applied to
the drill bit geomechanical data to create
mechanical facies. The petromechanical
workflow calibrates the mechanical data
to other measurements in the pilot well
(e.g., wireline logs and core).
Figure 3 shows example results from
the petromechanical workflow over 800
feet of the Permian pilot well. Track 4
displays both the mineralogic model
created by the wireline data and the clay
volume calculated from drill bit geomechanics data (in red). From the basic
mineralogic model, a typical petrophysical workflow generated the facies in
Track 5. The lithofacies workflow used
clay volume, the total porosity from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and
photoelectric factor (PE) to create these
groupings. Track 6 shows similar colors
and groupings, but these facies were
produced using the geomechanics data.
The expanded scale image on the right
highlights the difference in the resolution
between the two models.
The mechanical facies workflow organized the clusters based on Young's

FIGURE 2
Gamma Ray, Core, Image Log, Young's Modulus from Sonic,
And Young's Modulus from Drill Bit Geomechanics (Jo Mill formation)
1

2

3

4

5

8,820

Jo Mill

4

5

8,830
8,840

Lower Jo Mill

8,850

Track 1: Geologic Tops
Track 2: MWD Gamma Ray
Track 3: Measured Depth
Track 4: Core Photo and Young's Modulus from the Sonic Log
Track 5: Image Log and Young's Modulus from Drill Bit Geomechanics

1

2

3

4

5

6

8,600
8,800

1

2

3

4

5

6

9,300

9,000

9,310
9,320

Lower Spraberry Shale

9,200

9,330

Lower Spraberry Shale

9,400

In general, drill bit geomechanics data
are relative and require calibration to

FIGURE 3
Example Pilot Well Results from Petromechanical Workflow

Lower Jo Mill

Petromechanical Workflow

sonic logs, cores and other reservoir
properties typically acquired in vertical
pilot wells. Once the absolute values are
calibrated, the measured variations can
be used to identify the layered heterogeneity observed throughout a horizontal
development area. Lamina-scale trends
can affect production and hydraulic fracture development. Understanding the mechanical signatures of these trends, an
operator can choose the most effective

Jo Mill

wireline tools, including gamma ray.
Like drill bit geomechanics and core,
wireline image logs can measure with
exceptionally high resolution. Figure 2
combines the image log data with the
gamma ray, core photographs, Young's
modulus derived from the sonic log, and
Young's modulus derived from drill bit
geomechanics across a 40-foot section
of the pilot well's Jo Mill formation. As
shown in Track 5, the image log identified
interbedded calcite layers in the Lower
Jo Mill. Expanding the vertical scale of
one such area, it is evident that a sonic
log alone cannot identify such smallscale laminations.
In Track 5, the Young's modulus derived
from drill bit geomechanics demonstrates
the calcite layers have different geomechanical properties than the rest of the
Lower Jo Mill. If the operator chose a
landing zone in close vertical proximity
to these calcite laminations, they would
likely impede fracture development. Without such high-resolution measurements
(Track 4), this potential fracture barrier
may not have been identified.

Track 1: Geologic Tops
Track 2: MWD Gamma Ray
Track 3: Measured Depth
Track 4: Wireline-Derived Mineralogic Model; Clay Volume Derived from Drill Bit Geomechanics
Track 5: Wireline-Derived Lithofacies
Track 6: Mechanical Facies Derived from Drill Bit Geochamber; Photoelectric Factor

APRIL 2019 55



American Oil and Gas Reporter - April 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of American Oil and Gas Reporter - April 2019

Contents
American Oil and Gas Reporter - April 2019 - Intro
American Oil and Gas Reporter - April 2019 - 1
American Oil and Gas Reporter - April 2019 - 2
American Oil and Gas Reporter - April 2019 - Contents
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202403
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