ASHRAE Journal- September 2008

Kirsch Center for Environmental Studies/ De Anza College Occupancy Date Architect Building Square Footage Square Footage of Naturally Ventilated Space Occupancy Type of Naturally Ventilated Space Location Outside Air Actual 1% Exceedance Design Criteria Designer-Selected Outside Air Design Criteria (% Exceedance) Indoor Comfort Criteria as Agreed With the Client Surrounding Environment Openings Controlled by People Openings Controlled by Building Management System (BMS) 2005 Van Der Ryn Architects 22,000 9,000 San Francisco Federal Office Buildings, U.S. General Services Administration 2007 – 2008 (Staged) Morphosis 550,000 125,000 Yang and Yamazaki Environment and Energy Building, Stanford University 2008 BOORA 166,000 30,900 California Academy of Sciences September 2008 (Anticipated) Renzo Piano Building Workshop 400,000 60,000 (Offices and Exhibition Hall) Offices and Exhibition Hall San Francisco 78°F db/62°F wb Classroom Cupertino, Calif. 86°F db/66°F wb Office San Francisco 78°F db/62°F wb Office Palo Alto, Calif. 83°F db/64°F wb 86°F db/66°F wb (owner criteria) 78°F, ± 4°F College Campus Offices: Desk-Height Windows Offices: Awning Windows Atrium: Doors, Windows, and Louvers Radiant Ceilings in Certain Areas, Radiant Floor Plus Ceiling Fans in Others North/East Offices: Natural Ventilation With Ceiling Fans as Only Cooling Mechanism Other spaces Concurrent, Using Radiant Cooling Via Ceiling Panel or Radiant Floors Dynamic Heat Transfer/ Bulk Airflow Model, CFD 96°F db/68°F wb (0.1%) 78°F db/62°F wb (1%) 79°F db/63°F wb (0.5%) 68°F, ± 2°F winter, 77°F, ± 2°F summer Park Area Offices: Desk-Height Windows Offices: Trickle Vents High and Low Exhibition Hall: High Level Windows and Doors Perimeter Offices: Hot Water Radiators Near Window Exhibition Hall: Radiant Floor Offices: Changeover, With Dedicated VAV Box Zones for Supplemental Cooling Exhibition Hall: Concurrent, Using Radiant Cooling Dynamic Heat Transfer/ Bulk Airflow Model, CFD 30% PPD College Campus Single-User Areas: Desk-Height Windows Multiuser Spaces: Low and High Level Windows Adaptive Comfort Model Downtown Desk-Height Windows Low-in-Wall Trickle Vents, High Level Motorized Windows Perimeter Heating Hot Water Finned Tube Convectors Built into Façade Mullion Heating Mechanism Radiant Floor Plus Ceiling Fans Mixed Mode Type Within the Naturally Ventilated Space Concurrent, Using Radiant Cooling Slab Held at 68°F Minimum, Plus Ceiling Fans Natural Ventilation Only as Cooling Mechanism Analytical Approach Dynamic Heat Transfer/ Bulk Airflow Model, CFD Dynamic Heat Transfer/ Bulk Airflow Model, CFD Table 5: Summary information on four mixed mode buildings in the San Francisco Bay area. • In both high and low density occupancies if building envelope loads are carefully controlled; and • With a variety of auxiliary cooling mechanisms. The table shows that there was a lack of consistency in design criteria. Review of these projects also shows that a variety of outdoor air design criteria exceedances have been selected by 46 ASHRAE Journal the designers (as compared to a standard 1% exceedance value). Moreover, a variety of indoor design criteria definitions have been established directly with the client, based on the original research by deDear and Brager,4 which led to the optional model in Standard 55. These topics must be discussed together, so that clients can allow the pursuit of natural ventilation schemes in ashrae.org September 2008 http://ashrae.org

Table of Contents Feed for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal- September 2008

ASHRAE Journal- September 2008 Section: Contents Contents Section: Commentary Options for Sustainability Section: Industry News The Silk Route for Energy Solar Thermal Is Unrealized Opportunity Industry Groups Sue City of Albuquerque Section: Letters Letters Section: Meetings and Shows Meetings and Shows Section: Feature Articles Article-Radiant Floor Cooling Systems Article-HVAC Design for Sustainable Lab Article-Mixed Mode Ventilation Article-Single- Design Considerations For Active Chilled Beams Article-Acoustic Design In Green Buildings Article-Teams, Contracts & BIM Section: Building Sciences Some Old Lessons Distilled Section: Washington Report Energy in Federal Buildings Section: Products HVAC&R Product Showplace Section: Emerging Technologies Toplighting & Lighting Controls For Commercial Buildings Section: Special Products Fans & Blowers Section: Classified Ads Classified Ads Section: Advertising Index Advertising Index

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