Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 84

Photo 2 (left): Retail Space. Long, narrow space with lots of display cabinets and lots of jewelry. Hold on to your wallet. Photo 3 (right): Display Cabinets. Each cabinet “compartment” has a display light. The individual lights generate heat—enough to warm each case compartment to about 140°F. The working hypothesis is that the lights generate enough heat to cause the cabinetry to smell. The cabinetry is some kind of “was-wood-once” composite with a “who-knows-what” finish. associated with materials breaking down. The breakdown products are typically gases and particulates that can get into the air. The most common damage functions are water, heat, ultraviolet radiation and ozone.# Let’s put this information to use. What is the hottest, wettest, most exposed to UV and ozone component of a building? The roof. Picture a sunny day in July, mid-afternoon, and you are standing on a black EPDM membrane. What temperature is the membrane? Oh, 170°F (77°C), give or take 10°F (6°C). Take a deep breath. What do you smell? The roof. You are smelling the VOCs that are being emitted as the roof breaks down due to the damage functions previously mentioned. Now, bend down and rub your hand over the surface of the roof membrane. Little pieces of it come off. When these particles get into the air with the VOCs you have more contaminants. That is why it is always a good idea to put your buildings fresh air intake up on the roof, so you can suck all of these VOCs and particulates into the building and inject them into the breathing zone of the occupied space. How hot do walls get? Depending on the cladding and the orientation, the temperature can be anywhere from 100°F to 130°F (38°C to 54°C). Let’s install a dropped ceiling return plenum that is not isolated from the exterior walls so that we can suck these wall VOCs into the building. You get the picture. Do walls get wet? Are they exposed to UV? It is the same pathway. Now, let’s play with the Arrhenius equation. Every 10 K or 18°F (10°C) increase doubles the off-gassing rate. Increase humidity and UV exposure and the same thing happens. It’s all exponential, it’s synergistic and it’s all bad. So things that are both hot and wet are really, really bad. Add UV and ozone and someone is going to have a very bad day. Most indoor air quality investigations, for me, start with looking for the wet spot, the hot spot, the spot that sees UV and ozone and asking if the “spot” is connected to the breathing zone of the occupants with a flow path and air pressure relationship—they do not start with VOC testing Let’s look at a simple example of this approach at work. A retail space—a jewelry store on Newbury Street in Boston (Photo 1, Page 82)—had odor complaints. If you ever dealt with odor complaints, you know how difficult they can become. People describe smells differently and certainly imprecisely. So, off I go to Newbury Street, thinking “hot,” “wet,” “UV” and “ozone.” Well, I wasn’t thinking “ozone.” I was thinking “hot,” “wet” and “UV.” Ozone only becomes a consideration if the first damage functions are off the table. Inside the space there was a faint odor that seemed to be both everywhere and nowhere. It kind of smelled like body odor, but that was my description. My female coinvestigator had different adjectives. The store staff had even more descriptors. The female staff had different views from the male staff. Typical. It was looking like it was going to be a long day. We all became adapted pretty quickly and then no one could smell anything. It was pretty clear from looking at the space that we were not dealing with a water problem or UV. Nothing was wet, no humidity issues, no plumbing leaks and no solar aperture (no UV). This quick and dirty review took only 15 minutes. So what is left? Hot spots. #When we design buildings for “sensitive clients” we typically put material samples in a bell jar and put them outside in the sun for a couple of days and let the clients “sniff” them. We repeat the process with a little bit of water in the jar. If they don’t bother the client, they go in the building. Much better than trying to get anything useful from a MSDS sheet. **Actually, they start with me playing the odds. In my almost three decades of doing this I typically find that 50% of building complaints are because the building space is too hot, too cold, too wet, too dry or way too under-ventilated. These “first 50 percenters” are pretty easy to check out. The next 20% are humidity or moisture problems. And the 15% after that are due to stupid maintenance or cleaning practices. So 85% of building complaints typically are due to comfort, underventilation, poor maintenance and cleaning practices, and moisture problems. None of these issues require any type of sophisticated testing or analysis to diagnose or resolve. The last 15% have no obvious pattern and can be a real pain to deal with. I start on the last 15% after I have taken the other 85% off the table. One of the places to start dealing with issues in the last 15% category is the “wet spot, hot spot, and the-spot-that-gets-UV-and-ozone” approach. 84 ASHRAE Journal ashrae.org October 2008

Ashrae Journal - October 2008

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Ashrae Journal - October 2008

Ashrae Journal - October 2008
Contents

Commentary
Industry News
Letters
ASHRAE HQ Dedication Booklet
ASHRAE Rebuilds HQ to Reflect Mission
Feature Articles
ASHRAE's Living Lab
Meetings and Shows
Sizing Pipe Using Life-Cycle Costs
Feature Articles
Energy-Efficient Data Centers: A Close-Coupled Row Solution
The Future of 90.1
Ventilation Standard for Health Care Facilities
Grosvenor Humidity Chart
ASHRAE Research Report
ASHRAE Honor Roll
Building Sciences
Special Products
Emerging Technologies
Product Showplace
Classified Advertisting
Advertising Index
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - Ashrae Journal - October 2008
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - Cover2
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 1
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 2
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 -
Contents

Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 4
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - Commentary
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - Industry News
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 7
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - Letters
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - ASHRAE HQ Dedication Booklet
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - HQ2
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - HQ3
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - HQ4
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - HQ5
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - HQ6
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - HQ7
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - HQ8
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - HQ9
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - HQ10
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - HQ11
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - HQ12
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - HQ13
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - HQ14
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - HQ15
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - HQ16
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - HQ17
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - HQ18
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - HQ19
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - HQ20
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 9
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - Feature Articles
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 11
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - ASHRAE's Living Lab
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 13
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 14
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 15
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 16
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 17
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 18
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 19
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 20
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 21
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - Meetings and Shows
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 23
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - Feature Articles
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 25
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 26
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 27
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 28
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 29
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 30
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 31
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 32
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 33
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - Energy-Efficient Data Centers: A Close-Coupled Row Solution
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 35
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 36
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 37
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 38
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 39
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 40
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - B1
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - B2
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 41
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 42
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 43
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - The Future of 90.1
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 45
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 46
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 47
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 48
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - BRC1
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - BRC2
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 49
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 50
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 51
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - Ventilation Standard for Health Care Facilities
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 53
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 54
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 55
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 56
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 57
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 58
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 59
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - Grosvenor Humidity Chart
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 61
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 62
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 63
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 64
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 65
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 66
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 67
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 68
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - ASHRAE Research Report
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 70
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 71
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 72
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 73
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 74
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 75
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 76
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 77
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 78
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 79
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 80
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - ASHRAE Honor Roll
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H2
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H3
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H4
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H5
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H6
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H7
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H8
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H9
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H10
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H11
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H12
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H13
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H14
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H15
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H16
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H17
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H18
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H19
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H20
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H21
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H22
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H23
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H24
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H25
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H26
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H27
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H28
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H29
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H30
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H31
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - H32
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 81
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - Building Sciences
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 83
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 84
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 85
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 86
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 87
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 88
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - AP1
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - AP2
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - AP3
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - AP4
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - Special Products
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - Emerging Technologies
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 91
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 92
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 93
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 94
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 95
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - Product Showplace
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 97
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 98
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 99
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 100
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - Classified Advertisting
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 102
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - 103
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - Advertising Index
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - Cover3
Ashrae Journal - October 2008 - Cover4
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