Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - (Page 25) Opportunities for Savings The sequential approach outlined in this article prioritizes the most effective energy reduction strategies, but it is not intended to be a comprehensive list of energy reducing measures. In addition to the actions in this approach, data center managers should consider the feasibility of the following: • Locate and disconnect ‘ghost’ servers. These are servers that are no longer performing any useful tasks as their loads have been moved to newer servers, but are still connected and consuming energy. • Consolidate data storage from direct-attached storage to network attached storage. Also, faster disks consume more power so consider reorganizing data so that less frequently used data is on slower archival drives. • Use economizers where appropriate to allow outside air to be used to support data center cooling during colder months, creating opportunities for energyfree cooling. With today’s high-density computing environment, economizers can be cost effective in many more locations than might be expected. • Monitor and reduce parasitic losses from generators, exterior lighting, and perimeter access control. For a 1 MW load, generator losses of 20 kW to 50 kW have been measured. high efficiency power supplies. Facilities that experience predictable peaks in activity may achieve the greatest benefit from power management technology. Figure 5 shows how compute load and type of operation influence priorities. Actions Needed to Further Efficiency The research on this sequential approach has highlighted the need for additional work necessary to further the industry’s pursuit of maximizing data center efficiency. What follows are the most significant areas requiring attention. Deἀne universally accepted metrics for processor, server and data center efἀciency. There needs to be an easily understood and easy-to-use measure, such as the miles-per-gallon automotive fuel efficiency ratings, which can help buyers select the ideal processor for a given load. The performance per watt metric is evolving gradually with SPEC score being used as the server performance measure, but more work is needed. This same philosophy could be applied to the facility level. An industry standard of data center efficiency that measures performance per watt of energy used would be extremely beneficial in measuring the progress of data center optimization efforts. The PUE ratio developed by the Green Grid provides a measure of infrastructure efficiency, but not toNovember 2008 tal facility efficiency. IT management needs to work with IT equipment and infrastructure manufacturers to develop the miles-per-gallon equivalent for both systems and facilities. More sophisticated power management. While enabling power management features provides tremendous savings, IT management often avoids this technology because the impact on availability is not clearly established. As more tools are created to manage power management features, and data is available to ensure that availability is not impacted, we should see this technology gain market acceptance. More sophisticated controls that would allow these features to be enabled only during periods of low utilization, or turned off when critical applications are being processed, would eliminate much of the resistance to using power management. Matching power supply capacity to server conἀguration. Server manufacturers tend to oversize power supplies to accommodate maximum configuration of a particular server. Some users may be willing to pay an efficiency penalty for the flexibility to more easily upgrade, but many would prefer a choice between a power supply sized for a standard configuration and one sized for maximum configuration. Server manufacturers should consider making these options c c c c c c c c c c c www.info.hotims.com/16019-18 ASHRAE Journal 25 http://www.dedietrichboilers.com http://www.dedietrichboilers.com http://www.info.hotims.com/16019-18
Table of Contents Feed for the Digital Edition of Ashrae Journal - November 2008 Ashrae Journal - November 2008 Contents Commentary Industry News Meetings and Shows Feature Articles Reducing Data Center Energy Consumption Building Sciences Feature Articles Sustainable Nature Center Emerging Technologies Special Products Washington Report Special Supplement: BACnet® Today BACnet® Goes Green Seeing the Light with BACnet® BACnet® on Campus BACnet® for Net Zero Analyzing BACnet® BACnet® at Xerox Campus BACnet® in Europe BACnet® for Green Library BACnet® at the University of Minnesota: Flexibility, Interoperability InfoCenter Product Showplace Classified Advertising Advertising Index Ashrae Journal - November 2008 Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Ashrae Journal - November 2008 (Page Cover1) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Ashrae Journal - November 2008 (Page Cover2) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Ashrae Journal - November 2008 (Page 1) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Ashrae Journal - November 2008 (Page 2) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Contents (Page 3) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Contents (Page 4) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Commentary (Page 5) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Commentary (Page 6) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Industry News (Page 7) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Industry News (Page 8) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Industry News (Page 9) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Industry News (Page 10) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Industry News (Page 11) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Meetings and Shows (Page 12) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Meetings and Shows (Page 13) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Reducing Data Center Energy Consumption (Page 14) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Reducing Data Center Energy Consumption (Page 15) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Reducing Data Center Energy Consumption (Page 16) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Reducing Data Center Energy Consumption (Page 17) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Reducing Data Center Energy Consumption (Page 18) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Reducing Data Center Energy Consumption (Page 19) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Reducing Data Center Energy Consumption (Page 20) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Reducing Data Center Energy Consumption (Page 21) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Reducing Data Center Energy Consumption (Page 22) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Reducing Data Center Energy Consumption (Page 23) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Reducing Data Center Energy Consumption (Page 24) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Reducing Data Center Energy Consumption (Page 25) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Reducing Data Center Energy Consumption (Page 26) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Reducing Data Center Energy Consumption (Page 27) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Building Sciences (Page 28) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Building Sciences (Page 29) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Building Sciences (Page 30) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Building Sciences (Page 31) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Building Sciences (Page 32) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Building Sciences (Page 32a) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Building Sciences (Page 32b) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Building Sciences (Page 32c) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Building Sciences (Page 32d) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Building Sciences (Page 33) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Building Sciences (Page 34) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Building Sciences (Page 35) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Building Sciences (Page 36) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Building Sciences (Page 37) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Sustainable Nature Center (Page 38) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Sustainable Nature Center (Page 39) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Sustainable Nature Center (Page 40) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Sustainable Nature Center (Page 41) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Emerging Technologies (Page 42) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Emerging Technologies (Page 43) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Emerging Technologies (Page 44) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Emerging Technologies (Page 45) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Emerging Technologies (Page 46) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Emerging Technologies (Page 47) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Emerging Technologies (Page 48) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Emerging Technologies (Page BCover1) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Emerging Technologies (Page BCover2) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Emerging Technologies (Page B3) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® Goes Green (Page B4) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® Goes Green (Page B5) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® Goes Green (Page B6) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® Goes Green (Page B7) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® Goes Green (Page B8) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® Goes Green (Page B9) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Seeing the Light with BACnet® (Page B10) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Seeing the Light with BACnet® (Page B11) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Seeing the Light with BACnet® (Page B12) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Seeing the Light with BACnet® (Page B13) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® on Campus (Page B14) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® on Campus (Page B15) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® on Campus (Page B16) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® on Campus (Page B17) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® on Campus (Page B18) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® on Campus (Page B19) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® for Net Zero (Page B20) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® for Net Zero (Page B21) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® for Net Zero (Page B22) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® for Net Zero (Page B23) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Analyzing BACnet® (Page B24) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Analyzing BACnet® (Page B25) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Analyzing BACnet® (Page B26) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Analyzing BACnet® (Page B27) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Analyzing BACnet® (Page B28) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Analyzing BACnet® (Page B29) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® at Xerox Campus (Page B30) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® at Xerox Campus (Page B31) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® at Xerox Campus (Page B32) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® at Xerox Campus (Page B33) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® in Europe (Page B34) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® in Europe (Page B35) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® in Europe (Page B36) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® for Green Library (Page B37) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® for Green Library (Page B38) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® for Green Library (Page B39) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® for Green Library (Page B40) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® for Green Library (Page B41) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® at the University of Minnesota: Flexibility, Interoperability (Page B42) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® at the University of Minnesota: Flexibility, Interoperability (Page B43) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - BACnet® at the University of Minnesota: Flexibility, Interoperability (Page B44) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Special Products (Page 49) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Washington Report (Page 50) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Washington Report (Page 51) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Washington Report (Page 52) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Washington Report (Page 53) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - InfoCenter (Page 54) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - InfoCenter (Page 55) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - InfoCenter (Page 56) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - InfoCenter (Page 57) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - InfoCenter (Page 58) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - InfoCenter (Page 59) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - InfoCenter (Page 60) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - InfoCenter (Page 61) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Product Showplace (Page 62) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Classified Advertising (Page 63) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Classified Advertising (Page 64) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Classified Advertising (Page 65) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Classified Advertising (Page 66) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Classified Advertising (Page 67) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Advertising Index (Page 68) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Advertising Index (Page Cover3) Ashrae Journal - November 2008 - Advertising Index (Page Cover4)
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