ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 44

Item Locations Application Cooling Capacities Air-Side Configuration Cooling Thermostat Setpoints Cooling Design Temperatures Minimum VAV Airflows Economizer Values Used ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 Climate Zones Typical Office Building Structure, A/C Loads and Schedules 100 to 500 ton (~352 to 1758 kW) Standard VAV With Hot Water Reheat Occupied 76°F (~24.4°C); Unoccupied 82°F (~27.8°C) Indoor 75°F (~23.9°C); Supply 55°F (~12.8°C) Core 40%; Perimeter 30% Dry-Bulb Temperature Economizer; 65°F (~18.3°C) High Limit Packaged Air-Cooled Screw Chiller ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007/ARI 550/590 Minimum COP Values 44°F (~6.7°C) Fixed Setpoint Electrical Water-Cooled Centrifugal Chiller ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007/ARI 550/590 Minimum COP Values Condenser-Water Temperature Relief Control With 2-Speed Cooling Tower Fans DOE-2.2 Calculation Core Engine Averaged Local Utility Rates in the Selected Cities Modular Central Plants Packaged Systems (Incorporating All Equipment, Piping, Controls, Assembly and Installation Costs) Total Water-Side System Maintenance Contract Values (Incorporating All Labor and Materials/Chemical Costs in the Different Locations) Based on 20-Year Life Expectancy Based on NPV With Average 2008 Market Interest Rate Air-Cooled Chillers Water-Cooled Chillers Energy Simulations Energy Costs Capital Costs Maintenance Costs Life-Cycle Analysis Financial Model Table 1: The model at a glance. (annual energy consumption) doesn’t ensure the system will be economically and environmentally optimized. A more holistic view must be adopted that takes other factors into consideration. Besides, a green building is only as green as it is suitable for ongoing operations and maintenance.4 More Work Needed This article is simply a primer for further scrutiny and analysis. Here are some more ideas for further studies and analysis: The current analysis only focused on a typical office building profile. More work must be done to get more insight on other types of buildings: health-care and assisted living facilities, data centers, K – 12 schools, retail applications, hospitality, etc.* Water-cooled chillers typically have longer life expectancy than air-cooled chillers. However, the life expectancy of a cooling tower is typically shorter compared to a chiller. Future studies should try to simulate such scenarios to provide more accurate conclusions when account* For health-care facilities, a safe hypothesis is that simulation results may be favorable to water-cooled machines for facilities that operate 24/7 (hospitals), because there are so many more operating hours per year for the improved efficiency of water-cooled equipment to recoup the first cost investment. www.info.hotims.com/23934-40 44 ASHRAE Journal April 2009

ASHRAE Journal - April 2009

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - April 2009

ASHRAE Journal - April 2009
Contents
Commentary
Industry News
Letters
Meetings and Shows
Feature Articles
    Ventilating Façades
    Dissimilar Metals in Heating and AC Piping Systems
    Anniversary Feature: Central Chilled Water Distribution Systems Design
    Total Cost of Ownership for Air-Cooled and Water-Cooled Chiller Systems
    Controlling Air Leakage in Tall Buildings
Building Sciences
Emerging Technologies
Washington Report
Special Products
People
Products
Classified Advertising
Advertising Index
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - ASHRAE Journal - April 2009
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 2
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Commentary
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 6
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Industry News
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 9
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 10
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 12
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Letters
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Meetings and Shows
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 -     Ventilating Façades
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 17
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 18
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 20
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 21
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 22
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 23
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 24
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 25
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 26
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 27
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 -     Dissimilar Metals in Heating and AC Piping Systems
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 29
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 30
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 31
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 32
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 32A
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 32B
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 32C
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 32D
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 -     Anniversary Feature: Central Chilled Water Distribution Systems Design
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 34
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 35
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 36
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 37
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 38
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 39
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 40
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 41
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 -     Total Cost of Ownership for Air-Cooled and Water-Cooled Chiller Systems
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 43
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 44
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 45
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 46
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 47
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 48
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 48A
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 48B
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 49
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 -     Controlling Air Leakage in Tall Buildings
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 51
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 52
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 53
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 54
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 55
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 56
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 57
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 58
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 59
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 60
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 61
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Building Sciences
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 63
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 64
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 65
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 66
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 67
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Emerging Technologies
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 69
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 70
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Washington Report
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Special Products
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 73
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - People
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Products
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 76
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Classified Advertising
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 78
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 79
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Advertising Index
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_MCDEBX
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_WNYSQY
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XATVOD
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_FJSHSS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_CCBZDS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XDEFVG
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2023november_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2023november
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_VHGNBL
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_WPKBNJ
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_UUVCDE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_RTGDEW
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraemexico_2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_LKRFXS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_AZSOFG
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ERCDBH
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_QWDFRV
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_JHGVDF
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_OPUYHG
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SREIBM
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_LRTGLK
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_OKRFGH
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2022november_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2022november
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_TZSERA
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_LVRUIX
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_RPTVYZ
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/mini_pub_catalog
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XIYTGD
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraemexico_2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_RFGDOB
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_PABXNU
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_REMKLS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_PICVBT
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_AOYTVW
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_JQOPLS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_IOYTBC
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SGAJJF
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_IGHYER
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_PDRKLS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2021november
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2021november_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XCODFR
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_QSLFGO
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ILKVNM
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraemexico_2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_OPDJKD
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_VJKSRY
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SDHUTC
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_JPPKRR
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SDLTTH
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_CKLLES
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SLDOX
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_HJETUK
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_OLUHGE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2020october
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2020october_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ZERDGH
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_QVMNEO
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_RTPOKE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_BBATRE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_STUBMW
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_TPEMPE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_JNMKDS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_FBTTPA
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_WQMMNE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_TVBRYN
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_showguide2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_KTUZMA
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ABEDGD
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2019septmeber_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2019september
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201908
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201906
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201904
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2019april
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2019march
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201902
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_showguide2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2018december
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2018november
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2018fall_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2018fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2018october
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraemexico_2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201810
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraeinsights_201806
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201805
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201804
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201803
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201712
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201711
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201710
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2017fall_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2017fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201709
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201705
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashrae_meetinginsert_201610
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2016fall_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2016fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_acrexindia
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2015summer_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2015summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/amca/2014summer2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/amca/2014summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_acma_2014summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201311
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201309
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_acmasupp_2013fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201305
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201303
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/pubcatalog_2013winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201211
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/achr_expo_mexico2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201209
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201208_v3
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201208_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/pubcatalog_2012summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201205
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201203
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/pubcatalog_2012winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201111_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201109_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/pubcatalog_2011summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201105
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201103
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com