ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 62
Photo 2: Thermally broken balconies. On clip-on balconies exterior balcony corners are supported by columns supported by the balcony below. Photo 1: High-rise insulated concrete form (ICF). Fifteen stories and counting. Photo 3: Foam building block. Stack ’em up, and fill ’em with concrete. High-Rise Igloos By Joseph W. Lstiburek, Ph.D., P.Eng., Fellow ASHRAE anadians live in igloos. Unlike the Inuit snow block version they’re typically taller than 10 stories, and they are made out of foam. Insulated concrete forms (ICFs) are beginning to come into their own in many locations, particularly Ontario (Photos 1 and 2). Think of large Lego® blocks made from polystyrene insulation filled with concrete (Photo 3). The foam is a stay-in-place form for cast-in-place concrete* (Figure 1). The effective thermal resistances of these assemblies C range from R-16 to R-25 depending on the specific product and the floor details. That is usually two to four times the effective thermal performance of most typical assemblies.† No fluffy stuff shoved into steel stud thermal bridges. No exposed slab edges. Just continuous, glorious thermal insulation. It takes your breath away. It gets better. Clip-on balconies, French balconies, rail balconies (Figure 2) and other structural innovations have seemingly banished the typical thermal bridging associated with multistory concrete frame apartment construction.‡ Harley Davidson ar- * Notice that I do not use the term “poured concrete.” You do not pour concrete. You place concrete, you cast concrete, but you never pour it. Pouring implies too much water. Argh! The best concretes have so little water in them that you can’t get them out of the truck. You should need to use a super plasticizer to get them out of the truck. The lower the water-to-cement ratio, the better. You should never have a water/concrete ratio above 0.5, as that is the “magic” number below which “bleed water” does not appear. You want a dry concrete that you wet cure for a long time. The Romans figured this out more than 2,000 years ago. I can hear the Roman engineering concrete mantra in my brain right now: “Claudius Maximus, remember what that old engineering centurion said, ‘you want to place your concrete as dry as possible and then keep it as wet as possible, for as long as possible.’” Spoken in Latin, of course. 62 ASHRAE Journal ashrae.org April 2009
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - April 2009
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009
Contents
Commentary
Industry News
Letters
Meetings and Shows
Feature Articles
Ventilating Façades
Dissimilar Metals in Heating and AC Piping Systems
Anniversary Feature: Central Chilled Water Distribution Systems Design
Total Cost of Ownership for Air-Cooled and Water-Cooled Chiller Systems
Controlling Air Leakage in Tall Buildings
Building Sciences
Emerging Technologies
Washington Report
Special Products
People
Products
Classified Advertising
Advertising Index
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - ASHRAE Journal - April 2009
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 2
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Commentary
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 6
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Industry News
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 9
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 10
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 12
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Letters
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Meetings and Shows
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Ventilating Façades
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 17
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 18
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 20
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 21
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 22
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 23
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 24
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 25
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 26
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 27
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Dissimilar Metals in Heating and AC Piping Systems
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 29
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 30
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 31
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 32
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 32A
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 32B
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 32C
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 32D
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Anniversary Feature: Central Chilled Water Distribution Systems Design
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 34
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 35
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 36
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 37
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 38
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 39
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 40
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 41
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Total Cost of Ownership for Air-Cooled and Water-Cooled Chiller Systems
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 43
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 44
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 45
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 46
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 47
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 48
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 48A
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 48B
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 49
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Controlling Air Leakage in Tall Buildings
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 51
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 52
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 53
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 54
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 55
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 56
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 57
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 58
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 59
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 60
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 61
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Building Sciences
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 63
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 64
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 65
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 66
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 67
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Emerging Technologies
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 69
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 70
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Washington Report
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Special Products
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 73
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - People
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Products
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 76
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Classified Advertising
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 78
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - 79
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Advertising Index
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - April 2009 - Cover4
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