ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 39

Incremental Cost ($) N.Y. PERC N.C. PERC Fla. PERC $23,160 $22,300 $24,400 Incremental Cost ($/ft2) $14.20 $14.20 $28.20 Electric Rate ($) $0.11/kWh* $0.08/kWh* $0.09/kWh* Energy Savings (kWh/Day) 48 24 45 Energy Savings (Wh/Day/ft2) 29.4 27.8 52.1 Annual Savings ($) $1,930 $700 $1,480 Payback Period 12 years 17.6 years 16.5 years * These were the utility rates at the time the project was conducted. Rates today are higher. Therefore, annual savings are expected to be more and the payback period less. Table 4: Preliminary economics. Parameter Total (kWh/Day) HVAC (kWh/Day) Lighting (kWh/Day) DHW (kWh/Day) Other (kWh/Day) Savings (kWh/Day) Interior CO2 (ppm) Interior Temperature (°F) Interior Relative Humidity (%)* * Weekdays, 8 a.m. – 3 p.m. N.Y. Control 134.3 118.8 14.9 0.2 0.4 — 777 71.3 32 N.Y. PERC 86.0 71.9 13.6 0.4 2.7 45.7 788 70.4 30 N.C. Control 51.1 45.0 3.9 1.0 1.2 — 746 68.9 42 N.C. PERC 27.3 19.9 1.3 0.9 5.2 23.8 628 67.5 38 Fla. Control 55.5 49.6 4.2 — 1.7 — 531 70.7 50 Fla. PERC 10.4 8.5 1.3 — 0.6 45.1 744 70.7 49 Table 5: Total measured long-term energy consumption for portable classrooms. Location Cornwall, N.Y. Chapel Hill, N.C. Orlando, Fla. Control 280.8 Btu/ft2 201.8 Btu/ft2 219.2 Btu/ft2 PERC 179 Btu/ft2 107 Btu/ft2 41 Btu/ft2 Savings Btu/ft2 Per Day 101 94 178 % Savings 36 46 81 Table 6: Total measured long-term energy consumption for portable classrooms, Btu/ft2 per day. Preliminary Economics Energy Consumption The experimental PERC classrooms had higher incremental costs associated with increased insulation, high performance windows skylight integration, automated controls, higher efficiency HVAC systems and improved interior finishes. These costs are likely much higher than what could be actually realized in mass manufacture due to the unique experimental nature of our project. With these caveats understood, Table 4 shows the incremental costs, energy savings and payback periods for each classroom. Note that savings per unit floor area were fairly similar between the North Carolina and New York units, although the North Carolina portable had considerably greater cost. However, the Florida PERC clearly shows the best overall electric savings performance. May 2009 Tables 5 and 6 show the measured energy consumption for the three experimental classrooms compared with the standard unit, as well as interior conditions prevailing over the measured period. The period monitored is from Nov. 17, 2002 to June 20, 2003 for the New York units and from Nov. 1, 2003 through May 12, 2004 for the North Carolina and Florida units. Conclusions In the PERC project, comparison experiments were conducted with energy efficient units compared with standard units in three locations. An assessment was performed on ASHRAE Journal 39

ASHRAE Journal - May 2009

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - May 2009

ASHRAE Journal - May 2009
Contents
Commentary
Industry News
Letters
Meetings and Shows
     Moving Air for Comfort
Feature Articles
     Lessons Learned in Portable Classrooms
     Using Time-of-Day Scheduling to Save Energy
     Equal Friction Solution for Duct Sizing
     Anniversary Feature: System Application and Design for School Air Conditioning
Building Sciences
InfoCenter
Emerging Technologies
Special Products
Classified Advertising
Advertising Index
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - ASHRAE Journal - May 2009
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 2
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - Commentary
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 6
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - Industry News
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 9
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 10
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - Letters
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 13
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 14
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - Meetings and Shows
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 17
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - Feature Articles
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 20
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 21
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 22
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 23
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 24
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 25
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 26
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 27
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 28
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 29
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 -      Lessons Learned in Portable Classrooms
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 31
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 32
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 33
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 34
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 35
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 36
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 37
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 38
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 39
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 40
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 41
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 -      Using Time-of-Day Scheduling to Save Energy
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 43
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 44
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 45
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 46
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 47
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 48
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 49
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 -      Equal Friction Solution for Duct Sizing
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 51
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 52
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 53
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 54
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 55
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 -      Anniversary Feature: System Application and Design for School Air Conditioning
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 57
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 58
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 59
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 60
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 61
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 62
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 63
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 64
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 64a
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 64b
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 65
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ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 69
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 70
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 71
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 72
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 73
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - Building Sciences
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 75
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 76
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 77
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 78
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 79
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - InfoCenter
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 81
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 82
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 83
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 84
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 85
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 86
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - Emerging Technologies
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 88
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 89
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 90
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 91
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - Special Products
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 93
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - Classified Advertising
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - 95
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - Advertising Index
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - May 2009 - Cover4
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