ASHRAE Journal - March 2010 - 58

SECond PlACE Innovation. Engineering design concepts were instituted with final product output in mind. Design related optimization enhanced the ergonomics and processing efficiency. Operation and Maintenance. The design allows for noninvasive maintenance activities without compromising the cleanroom integrity to help reduce or eliminate shutdown events. Cost Effectiveness. The project was inherently expensive with program and systems requirements resulting in construction costs of approximately $1,200/ft2 ($12,917/m2) Environmental Impact. The CTPF was designed to have minimal impact on the environment given the type of space and project requirements. Paul B. Switenki, P.E., member ashrae Kaiser Permanente Template Hospitals health care facilities, new Cost Effectiveness. A simple payback was achieved in less than five months. Savings were achieved by reduced maintenance and manpower cost from reduced localized hot spot calls and airflow tiles rearrangements. Environmental Impact. CO2 produced was decreased by 2,000 tons/yr (1,814 Mg/yr) and with a direct energy savings of 16,210,930 kWh/yr. Caroline Paquet, P.E., member ashrae National Bank Tower commercial buildings, existing Energy Efficiency. VFDs were installed on the cooling system Energy Efficiency. The template hospital uses redundant high- pressure, high-efficiency steam boilers and high-efficiency hot water boilers. Centrifugal chillers, variable frequency drives and energy recovery are used. Indoor Air Quality. A 100% outside air-handling system and local exhaust ventilation systems were used. Innovation. The original project generated a single hospital and central plant design that could be used on multiple sites within California. Operation and Maintenance. The template central utility plant was designed for expansion to accommodate future campus buildings. Terminal units were located above patient rooms instead of corridors to minimize potential disruption. Cost Effectiveness. Typical permit time-frame and construction escalation costs were avoided. Environmental Impact. Less electricity and natural gas is required, reducing carbon emissions. CFCs have been eliminated. Mukesh K. Khattar, Ph.D., fellow ashrae | Mitchell T. Martin, P.E., member ashrae | Keith Ward | Steve Metcalf | Mark F. Redmond, P.E., associate member | Mark H. Germagian, member ashrae fans, as well as a DOAS, which was mounted in parallel with the existing one in the main mechanical room. Indoor Air Quality. One CO2 sensor per floor and one exterior sensor modulate the amount of fresh air on each floor. Innovation. The designers, challenged with limited investment costs and improving on an existing design, minimized replacement of major equipment and improved on an already efficient building. Operation and Maintenance. Software is used that plans the equipment maintenance schedule and extends the lifetime of the equipment. Cost Effectiveness. The energy use intensity was decreased, an achievement for a building viewed as already economical with its original performance of 18 kW/ft2/yr. Environmental Impact. Following the modernization guideline resulted in a reduction of 103 tons (93 Mg) of CO2 annually. Stephen C. Roberts, associate member ashrae Kirsch Center for Environmental Studies – De Anza College institutional buildings, new Energy Efficiency. A six-step process towards carbon neutrality was used, including reducing building load and applying passive and active energy reduction strategies. Indoor Air Quality. High Density Data Center Cooling/Heat Containment industrial facilities or processes, existing Energy Efficiency. Outdoor makeup air is suppled through sepa- rate preconditioning units. Condensate from makeup air units and AHUs is recycled to the cooling towers, reducing water use and chemical treatment. Indoor Air Quality. Air is pre-dehumidified by the ventilation air unit in the data center space, eliminating dehumidification requirement on the CRAC units. Operating conditions meet ASHRAE Standard 55. Innovation. The increase in supply air temperature improved the cooling energy efficiency and capacity of the mechanical equipment. Operation and Maintenance. Equipment operates at lower loads, reducing wear on equipment and increasing equipment life. 58 ASHRAE Journal Ninety seven percent of the building can be ventilated or cooled with operable windows. All filtration is MERV-13, and AHU1 provides 100% outside air. Innovation. Red light/green light system at operable windows is used, as well as external sun shades for west and east windows. Operation and Maintenance. Operation and maintenance relies on three elements: dedicated building advocate and teaching staff, simple operation concept, and a building management system and monitoring system. Cost Effectiveness. Paybacks range from instantaneous to five to 20 years. ashrae.org March 2010

ASHRAE Journal - March 2010

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - March 2010