ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 14
a twin-aisle aircraft, a worst-case 15 hour design period is appropriate for intercontinental flights (184 viruses inhaled). So for a 30% effective filter in the office and 100% in the plane, the design exposure is 2.3 times higher in the single-aisle plane than in the office and 5.8 times higher in the two-aisle plane than in the office. For an 80% effective filter in the office and 100% in the plane, the design exposure is 4.1 times higher in the single-aisle plane than in the office and 10.2 times higher in the two-aisle plane than in the office. Incidentally, my field measurements of HEPA filter performance in removing ETS particulate indicated a 96% average removal rate of 0.3 micron and larger particles, not 100%. When measuring illness rates, actual ventilation and filtration rates are required. In the fall and early winter when influenza rates are typically highest, some building HVAC systems may be operating in free cool mode when outside temperatures are at or below 20°C, with outside airflow rates of 100 cfm/p, which is well above the 17 cfm/p minimum of Standard 62.1. This will further reduce infectious aerosol exposures in this setting. I agree that contagion aerosol inhalation is a concern in high occupancy density spaces, and am currently investigating this concern in other spaces as well as entrainment filtration devices to increase ventilation effectiveness to better address
the concern. For those who want to use the formulas for their applications, Equation 1 should read: C = [N/(V × Ve)][1 – exp(–V × Ve × t/v)] Douglas S. Walkinshaw, Ph.D., P.Eng., Fellow ASHRAE, Bonita Springs, Fla. The May 2010 “Geothermal for School” by Robert Roop claims energy use intensity of 75,033 Btu/ft2·yr for this building and does not say if it is modeled or metered. Which is it? The article says pool gas use is separately metered, but does not say how much. The article also claims this ASHRAE award-winning LEED Silver building uses 35% less energy than a Standard 90.1-2004 design building. This implies that a Standard 90.1-2004 compliant building uses 115,435 Btu/ft2·yr. According to the 2003 CBECS, education buildings metered energy use is 83,100 Btu/ft2·yr (Table C3) for all buildings of all ages. This building is in CBECS Climate Zone 2 where the metered energy use for all education buildings of all ages is 85,200 Btu/ft2·yr (Table C10). For education buildings constructed in 1959 or before, the metered energy use is 77,600 Btu/ft2·yr, and for education buildings built from 1960 to 1989
EUI and School Building
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - July 2010
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010
Table of Contents
Commentary
Industry News
Letters
Meetings and Shows
Sizing Calculation Spreadsheet: Vertical Geothermal Borefields
HVAC for Prisons
Control Strategies for Variable Speed Pumps In Super High-Rise Building
Maintaining Green
Sustainable Products Capabilities
Emerging Technologies
Technical Topics
Special Products
People
Products
Classified Advertising
Advertisers Index
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - ASHRAE Journal - July 2010
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 2
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - Table of Contents
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - Commentary
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - Industry News
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 9
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 10
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - Letters
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 13
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 14
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 16
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 17
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - Meetings and Shows
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - Sizing Calculation Spreadsheet: Vertical Geothermal Borefields
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 21
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 22
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 23
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 24
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 25
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 26
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 27
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 28
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 29
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - HVAC for Prisons
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 31
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 32
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - InsertA
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - InsertB
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 33
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 34
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 35
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - Control Strategies for Variable Speed Pumps In Super High-Rise Building
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 37
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 38
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 39
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 40
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 41
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 42
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 43
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - Maintaining Green
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 45
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 46
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 47
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 48
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 49
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 50
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - Sustainable Products Capabilities
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 52
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 53
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 54
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 55
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 56
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 57
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ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 60
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ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 67
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ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 70
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 71
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 72
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 73
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ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 90
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 91
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 92
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 93
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 94
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 95
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - Emerging Technologies
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 97
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 98
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 99
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - Technical Topics
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 101
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 102
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 103
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - Special Products
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 105
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 106
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 107
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - People
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - Products
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - Classified Advertising
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - 111
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - Advertisers Index
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - July 2010 - Cover4
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