ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 38
bon refrigerants acceptable with use conditions in new household refrigerators and freezers and combination refrigerator and freezers with a charge of 57 g (2 oz) or less. EPA also has proposed propane as acceptable with use conditions in standalone retail food refrigerators and freezers with a charge of 150 g (5 oz) or less. Current standards restrict hydrocarbons for comfort conditioning applications. Standard 15-2007 limits non-A1 refrigerants to 3 kg (7 lb) for residential occupancies and 10 kg (22 lb) for commercial occupancies. It also states that Group A3 and B3 refrigerants shall not be used except where approved by the authority having jurisdiction, with some exceptions. The 2006 International Mechanical Code (IMC) and 2006 Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC) building codes also have adopted Standard 15-2007 charge limits. These restrictions may prove burdensome for manufacturers, especially for equipment that is too large to meet the charge limits in these standards. Several states have recently modified state regulations that previously banned the use of flammable refrigerants in mobile air-conditioning applications. These new regulations reference the EPA SNAP list or Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standard J639 as the basis for defining acceptable refrigerants in mobile air conditioning. However, six states currently ban all
flammable refrigerants in mobile air conditioning. Three of these states are expected to modify these bans as explained previously, leaving Louisiana, North Dakota, and Oklahoma as states with blanket bans in place.3 In addition, Iowa and Wisconsin ban the use of certain hydrocarbons in mobile air conditioning. Europe Regulations for hydrocarbon refrigerants are less restrictive in Europe than in the U.S. Safety has been addressed primarily through the use of charge limits and safety requirements for each application, which permit the use of hydrocarbons in nearly all applications. EN 378 contains strict requirements that may pose a barrier to using hydrocarbons in residential and commercial packaged air-conditioning applications. In particular, floor-standing units currently face charge limits that make low-level comfort units impractical.4 Currently, EN 378 establishes charge limits based on the height of the equipment, with more restrictive limits reserved for low-standing units. The current standards favor ceiling and elevated systems. IEC standards establish a universal charge limit of 150 g (5 oz) for commercial refrigeration systems and domestic refrigerators. This limit can potentially pose a barrier to using hydrocarbons in larger commercial refrigeration systems.
www.info.hotims.com/30920-27
www.info.hotims.com/30920-39
38
ASHRAE Journal
October 2010
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - October 2010
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010
Contents
Commentary
Industry News
Letters
Meetings and Shows
Using VAV to Limit Humidity at Part Load
Cleanroom Energy Efficiency
Ultra-Low GWP Refrigerants Global Regulations and Standards
HVAC for Prisons
ASHRAE Research Report
ASHRAE Honor Roll
Solar ZEB Project
Emerging Technologies
IAQ Applications
Commissioning
Washington Report
Special Products
Classified Advertising
Advertisers Index
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - ASHRAE Journal - October 2010
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 2
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - Commentary
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - Industry News
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - Letters
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 9
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 10
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 12
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 13
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 14
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - Meetings and Shows
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 17
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - Using VAV to Limit Humidity at Part Load
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 20
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 21
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 22
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 23
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - Cleanroom Energy Efficiency
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 25
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 26
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 27
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 28
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 29
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 30
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 31
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 32
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - A1
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - A2
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - A3
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - A4
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - A5
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - A6
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - A7
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - A8
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - A9
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - A10
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - A11
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - A12
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 33
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - Ultra-Low GWP Refrigerants Global Regulations and Standards
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 35
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 36
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 37
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 38
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 39
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 40
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 41
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 42
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 43
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HVAC for Prisons
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 45
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 46
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 47
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 48
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 49
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 50
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 51
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - ASHRAE Research Report
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 53
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 54
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 55
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 56
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 57
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 58
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 59
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 60
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 61
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 62
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 63
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 64
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - ASHRAE Honor Roll
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR2
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR3
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR4
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR5
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR6
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR7
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR8
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR9
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR10
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR11
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR12
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR13
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR14
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR15
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR16
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR17
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR18
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR19
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR20
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR21
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR22
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR23
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR24
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR25
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR26
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR27
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR28
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR29
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR30
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR31
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - HR32
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 64a
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 64b
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 64c
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 64d
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - Solar ZEB Project
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 66
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 67
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 68
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 69
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - Emerging Technologies
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 71
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 72
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 73
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 74
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 75
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - IAQ Applications
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 77
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 78
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 79
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 80
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 81
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 82
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 83
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - Commissioning
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 85
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 86
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 87
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 88
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 89
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - Washington Report
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 91
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - Special Products
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 93
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - Classified Advertising
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - 95
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - Advertisers Index
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - October 2010 - Cover4
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