ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 43
8. Children require slightly higher ventilation rates than adults. 9. Carbon dioxide concentration is an unreliable index of adequate ventilation because its concentration is not proportional to the odor intensity produced. What then are the accepted standards of today. From the research carried out in the 1920s and 1930s, it is now commonly accepted that the desired objective is to provide for an odor-free environment. It has definitely been shown that where conditions of excessive temperature and body odor are encountered, attention should be directed to the latter since it is the more difficult parameter to control. In other words, if odor is reduced to an acceptable level, it will preclude the occurrence of excessive temperature. The important considerations which must be taken into account when attempts are made to provide an odor-free environ ent are: dietary and hygienic habits m of the occupants, the air space allowed per person, the odor removal capacity of any air-conditioning processes, and the temperature and relative humidity of the room. The importance of air space per person is illustrated by the fact that ASHRAE requires a mere 7 cfm when the air space is 500 cu ft per person, but requires an increase to 25 cfm when the air space is 100 cu ft per person.12 These design parameters are based on work carried out by Yaglou, Riley and Coggins in 1936. Smoking can increase the fresh air quantity require ent to as high as 50 cfm m where extreme conditions are encountered. We have examined the changing concepts of ventilation requirements of the last two centuries and have shown that, while it was a subject of great concern, only relatively recently has its fundamental importance been understood. The concepts of ventilation practice have changed as re earch provided more s knowledge. We may still see changes in the future, but they will most likely be confined to improved engineering techniques rather than any funda ental changes in basic theory. m
1. T. Tredgold, The Principles of Warming and Ventilation—Public Buildings, M. Taylor, London, 1836. 2. R.S. Meikleham, History and Art of Warming and Ventilation, Bell, London, Vol, H, p. 316, 1845. 3. Ventilation - Report of the New York State Commission on Ventilation, E.P. Dutton & Co, New York, 1923. February 2011
4. A. Saeltzer, Acoustics and Ventilation, D. Van Nostrand, New York, 1872. 5. J.S. Billings, Ventilation and Heating, The Engineering Record, New York, pp. 120-130,1893. 6. E.B. Phelps, Public Health Engineering, Wiley, New York, 1948. 7. Report of the Chicago Commission on Ventilation, Chicago, 1914. 8. P. West, Modern Trend in the Science of Ventilation, ASH&VE Transactions, Vol. 30, p. 377, 1924. 9. New York State Commission on Ventilation, School Ventilation Principles and Practices, Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, 1931. 10. W.H. Lehmberg, A.D. Brandt and K. Morse, A Laboratory Study of Minimum Ventilation Requirements: Ventilation Box Experiments, ASH&VE Transactions, Vol. 41, p. 157, 1935. 11. C.P. Yaglou, E.C. Riley and D.I. Coggins, Ventilation Require ents, ASH&VE Transactions, m Vol. 42, p. 133, 1936. 12. SHRAE Guide and Data Book, 1965 and 1966. A
Bibliography
Boyle, R., The Ventilation of Public Buildings, Robert Boyle & Sons, London, 1923. Crowder, T.R., On the Reinspiration of Expired Air, American Assn, Chicago, 1913. DIN, 1946, Blatt 1, Lueftungstechnische Anlagen; DIN, 1946, Blatt 2, Lueftung Von Versammlungsraumen. Gauge, H.A., New Systems of Ventilation, D. Van Nostrand, New York, 1881. Hill, L.E., M. Flack, J. McIntosh, R.A. Rowlands and H.B. Walker, The Influence of the Atmosphere on Health, Washington Smithsonian Institute, 1913. Keith, J., Evolution in Ventilation Hygienics, The Naval Archi ects Number of the SYREN t and Shipping Illustrated, April 19, 1916. Manual of Planning Standards for School Buildings, Second Edition, The University of the State of New York, State Education Dept, Div of Facilities Planning, Albany, 1967. NASA SP-300 6, Bioastronautics Data Book, National Aero autics & Space Administration, n Scientific & Technical Information Div, 1964. Palmer, G.T., Modern Tendencies of Ventilation Practices, ASH&VE TRANSACTIONS, Vol. 29, p. 19, 1923. Snow, W.G., Ventilation in Its Relation to Health, Webster, Camden, N.J., 1910. Ventilation Laws in U.S.A., Heating & Ventilating Magazine Co, New York, 1912. Winslow, C.-E.A., New Art of Ventilation, Medical Review, 1912.
www.info.hotims.com/33861-22
References
ASHRAE Journal
43
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - February 2011
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011
Contents
Commentary
Industry News
Letters
Meetings and Shows
Feature Articles
Thermal Coupling of Cooling and Heating Systems
10 Common Problems in Energy Audits
Hall of Fame Feature: History of the Changing Concepts in Ventilation Requirements
A Guide to Wireless Technologies
Building Sciences
Solar NZEB Project
Emerging Technologies
People
Special Section
InfoCenter
Commissioning
Products
Washington Report
Classified Advertising
Advertisers Index
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - ASHRAE Journal - February 2011
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 2
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - Commentary
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - Industry News
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - Letters
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 9
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 10
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 12
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 13
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 14
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - Meetings and Shows
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 17
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - Thermal Coupling of Cooling and Heating Systems
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 20
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 21
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 22
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 23
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 24
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 25
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 10 Common Problems in Energy Audits
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 27
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 28
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 29
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 30
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 31
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 32
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 33
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - Hall of Fame Feature: History of the Changing Concepts in Ventilation Requirements
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 35
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 36
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 37
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 38
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 39
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 40
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 41
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 42
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 43
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - A Guide to Wireless Technologies
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 45
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 46
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 47
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 48
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 49
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - Building Sciences
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 51
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 52
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 53
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 54
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 55
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 56
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 57
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 58
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 59
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 60
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 61
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - Solar NZEB Project
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 63
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 64
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 65
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 66
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 67
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 68
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 69
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - Emerging Technologies
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 71
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 72
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 73
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 74
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 75
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - People
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 77
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - InfoCenter
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 79
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 80
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 81
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 82
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 83
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 84
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 85
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - Commissioning
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 87
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 88
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 89
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 90
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - Products
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - Washington Report
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - Classified Advertising
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 94
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - 95
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - Advertisers Index
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - February 2011 - Cover4
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