ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 52

Meeting Budget & Spatial Constraints
Engineering an efficient design is one 100,000 Standard HVAC Cowansville Courthouse thing; however, making that design fit into an existing capricious area within 80,000 a tight budget is intensely difficult. Because the SIQ had not initially planned 60,000 for geothermal energy, no additional expenses could be incurred for this work. As space and budgetary constraints did 40,000 not allow for a new mechanical room and placing equipment on the roof was 20,000 not allowed, designers had to work with what was available. 0 Furthermore, low ceilings in certain Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. areas meant that suspended ceilings could not be installed everywhere. Needless to say, this drastically limited the work Figure 2: Monthly energy consumption. space. One solution that worked well in certain areas was to install visible ducts and pipes. However, it 300 isn’t possible to have heat pumps on full display. Standard HVAC Cowansville Courthouse Traditional geothermal heat pump designs often incorporate 250 a boiler and/or cooling equipment, such as a water tower or air condenser. No matter how the designers reworked the puzzle, 200 there was no way of fitting all the equipment into the available space and budget. 150 By sizing the ground loop to fit the building’s cooling capacity, engineers sidestepped the need for extra cooling 100 equipment. Instead of using a boiler for auxiliary heating, terminal electrical coils were selected to supply additional 50 heat to the coldest areas. The choice of electrical coils saved a significant amount of money and space compared to a boiler, 0 but it also provided designers with leeway in the grouping of Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. thermal zones, which further helped cut down space requirements and costs. Figure 3: Monthly electrical demand. In the end, 28 terminal water-to-air heat pumps, ranging from 1.8 to 14 kW, with average heating/cooling COPs of 3.4/5.1 problem was to make use of the holes originally dedicated to were selected. As well, a 60 kW water-to-water heat pump was hot water plumbing whenever possible. installed to heat or cool the fresh air with a heating/cooling COP of 3.0/4.6. Durability Heat pumps were scattered throughout the building wherAppropriately operating geothermal systems requires the ever they could fit. Where there was no suspended ceiling, proper balancing of heating and cooling loads. If this balance designers had to find less traditional solutions such as the is not secured, there is a risk that the geothermal mass will, in old prison cells or the barely 6 ft (1.8 m) high underground time, fail to function properly. A geothermal system is much service basement. The fresh air ventilation unit and enthalpy like a storage room. When it’s too hot, excess heat can be wheel found their way into the last floor of the old prison stocked for future use; and when it’s too cold, the stockpile ward, behind bars. But finding space was not enough. To can be used. However, carelessness can quickly lead to a further cut down on design costs, designers struggled to surplus or backorder situation. Furthermore, since excavation optimize equipment location to reduce the total amount of and geothermal materials are costly, it’s important to avoid duct and piping. ground loop oversizing. As if these constraints weren’t enough, the condition of the To avoid these undesirable scenarios, designers made a old bearing walls was rather precarious, which limited the detailed model of the geothermal system with the help of amount of holes one could drill through them. HVAC engineers TRNSYS simulation software. By plugging in the hourly loads worked closely with structural engineers to find appropriate from the EE4 simulation model, designers could map out the ways of laying out ducts, piping and heat pumps while structur- appropriate number, depth and configuration of the geothermal ally preserving the building. One way of tiptoeing around the boreholes to guarantee the system’s stability.
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ASHRAE Journal - December 2011

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - December 2011

ASHRAE Journal - December 2011
Contents
Commentary
Industry News
Letters
Meetings and Shows
Feature Articles
Testing for Leaks in Underfloor Plenums
Optimizing Design & Control of Chilled Water Plants, Part 3: Pipe Sizing and Optimizing ΔT
Performance of Combination Hydronic Systems
Data Center Environments: ASHRAE’s Evolving Thermal Guidelines
Technology Award Case Studies:
Beyond the Envelope
Medical Center Rx
Special Section
New Product Preview
Standing Columns
Emerging Technologies
IAQ Applications
Washington Report
People
Products
2011 ASHRAE Journal Indices
Classified Advertising
Advertisers Index
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - ASHRAE Journal - December 2011
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 2
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - Commentary
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - Industry News
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - Letters
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 10
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 12
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 13
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - Meetings and Shows
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - Testing for Leaks in Underfloor Plenums
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 17
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 18
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 20
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 21
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - Optimizing Design & Control of Chilled Water Plants, Part 3: Pipe Sizing and Optimizing ΔT
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 23
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 24
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 25
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 26
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 27
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 28
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ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 30
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 31
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 32
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 32a
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 32b
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 33
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 34
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 35
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - Performance of Combination Hydronic Systems
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 37
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 38
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 39
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 40
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 41
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - Data Center Environments: ASHRAE’s Evolving Thermal Guidelines
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 43
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 44
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 45
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 46
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 47
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 48
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 49
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - Beyond the Envelope
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 51
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 52
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 53
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 54
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 55
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - Medical Center Rx
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 57
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 58
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 59
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 60
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - New Product Preview
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 62
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 63
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 64
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 65
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 66
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 67
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ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 115
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 116
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 117
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - Emerging Technologies
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 119
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 120
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - IAQ Applications
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 122
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 123
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 124
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 125
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - Washington Report
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 127
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - People
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - Products
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 2011 ASHRAE Journal Indices
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 131
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 132
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 133
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - Classified Advertising
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - 135
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - Advertisers Index
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - December 2011 - Cover4
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