ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 51
Column EnginEEr’s notEbook
water pumps align with the chillers but are offset to provide tubepull space and piping connections
between the pumps. This is a very
compact layout but it still provides
adequate maintenance access for
all equipment.
Figure 1 Expensive chilled water plant.
VSD
14 in. CWS
VSD
Cooling
Tower 1
VSD
Cooling
Tower 2
Cooling
Tower 3
14 in. CWS
10 in.
10 in.
10 in.
Tip 2: Cooling Tower Makeup
And Level Control
14 in. CWS
10 in.
VSD
Chiller 3
VSD
Chiller 2
VSD
Chiller 1
8 in.
Flow Meter
12 in.
12 in.
8 in.
12 in. CHWS
6 in.
Min. Flow
Bypass
8 in.
8 in.
VSD
VSD
VSD
12 in. CHWR
Figure 2 Less expensive chilled water plant.
10 in.
10 in.
VSD
10 in.
VSD
VSD
Cooling
Tower 1
Cooling
Tower 3
Cooling
Tower 2
10 in.
10 in.
10 in.
10 in.
10 in.
10 in.
10 in.
10 in.
10 in.
10 in.
VSD
8 in.
8 in.
Chiller 3
VSD
Chiller 2
VSD
Chiller 1
8 in.
Flow Meter
8 in.
8 in.
8 in.
8 in.
8 in.
12 in. CHWS
6 in.
Min. Flow
Bypass
VSD
VSD
VSD
Typically, makeup water to cool10 in.
10 in.
ing towers is provided by domestic
or industrial water piped to a float
valve in each tower basin. Float
valves, which are similar to those in
8 in.
8 in.
tank-type toilets, are not very reliable—they tend to get stuck open
and leak. An alternative is to install
an electronic level switch in each
tower basin wired to an electric
slow-closing solenoid makeup water
valve.
Another novel makeup water system design is summarized as follows:
• No makeup water connection or assembly is provided
with the cooling towers.
• The cooling tower equalizers are fitted with shutoff valves at each cell and a standpipe is installed
in the common equalizer pipe as shown in Figure 4.
The standpipe is open at the top and is fitted with
an analog level sensor, such as a conductivity type,
silicone diaphragm type, or sonar type. This is tied to
the building energy management and control system
(EMCS). The level of water in the standpipe is the
same as the cooling tower basins for any basin open to
the equalizer. A basin that is valved off and drained,
e.g., for cleaning, has no impact on the level sensor
reading.
• Makeup water is piped through a slow-closing
valve to the condenser water system in either the
supply or return piping to the tower—it does not
matter which, provided the makeup water pressure
is higher than that in the piping and there are no
automatic valves or check valves between the connection point and the towers. Typically, the connection will be indoors near the chillers. The valve is
wired to the EMCS.
12 in. CHWR
O ct O b e r 2 0 1 3
ashrae.org
ASHRAE JouRnAl
51
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - October 2013
Contents
Commentary
Industry News
Letters
Meetings and Shows
Feature Articles
Sustainable Design of Water Source VRF
Economizer for Data Center
Total Dissolved Solids in Reclaimed Water
Hot, Humid Lab Hood Facility
Engineer's Notebook
Building Sciences
The Performance Gap
ASHRAE Honor Roll
ASHRAE Research Report
Technical vs. Process Commissioning: Basis of Design
Emerging Technologies
Data Centers
HVAC Applications
Energy Modeling
Refrigeration Applications
Products
Classified Advertising
Advertisers Index
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 2
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Commentary
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Industry News
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 9
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Letters
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Meetings and Shows
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 13
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Sustainable Design of Water Source VRF
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 16
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 17
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 18
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Economizer for Data Center
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 21
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 22
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 23
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 24
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 25
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 26
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 27
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Total Dissolved Solids in Reclaimed Water
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 29
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 30
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 31
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 32
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 33
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 34
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 35
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 36
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 37
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 38
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 39
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Hot, Humid Lab Hood Facility
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 41
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 42
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 43
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 44
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 45
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 46
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 47
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Engineer's Notebook
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 49
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 50
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 51
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 52
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 53
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Building Sciences
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 55
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 56
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 57
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 58
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 59
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - The Performance Gap
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 61
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 62
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 63
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 64
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - ASHRAE Honor Roll
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 2
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 3
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 4
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 5
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 6
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 7
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 8
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 9
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 10
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 11
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 12
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 13
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 14
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 15
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 16
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 17
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 18
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 19
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 20
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 21
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 22
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 23
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 24
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 25
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 26
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 27
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 28
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 29
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 30
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 31
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HR 32
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - ASHRAE Research Report
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 66
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 67
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 68
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 69
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 70
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 71
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 72
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 73
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 74
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 75
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Technical vs. Process Commissioning: Basis of Design
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 77
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 78
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 79
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 80
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 81
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Emerging Technologies
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 83
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 84
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 85
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 86
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 87
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Data Centers
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 89
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 90
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 91
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 92
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 93
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - HVAC Applications
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 95
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Energy Modeling
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 97
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Refrigeration Applications
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 99
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Products
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 101
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - 102
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Classified Advertising
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Advertisers Index
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - October 2013 - Cover4
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