ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 22
TECHNICAL FEATURE
FIGURE 3 CFD particle trace. (Left) Particle trace shows chaotic dispersion of contaminants in an MDA system that meets ASHRAE Standard 170 guidelines. (Right) At
the same conditions, particle trace shows efficient and settled movement of contaminants away from the surgical team in a SLD system.
FIGURE 4 Airflow visualization smoke study. (Left) Smoke visualization study shows turbulent, upward moving column of air under diffuser with 2 in. square blanked off
area. (Right) Smoke visualization shows controlled, downward movement of air under unobstructed diffuser.
seats, benches, and work surfaces are perforated to aid
particulate flow out of the cleanroom.
* Use of makeup by OR personnel is not universally
prohibited, but it is not allowed in semiconductor manufacturing cleanrooms because it is a source of contamination.
Another important difference, beyond the scope of
this article but worth mention, is the typical construction methods used for hospital ORs and cleanrooms.
Whereas a hospital OR is typically built-up on site,
semiconductor manufacturing cleanrooms are generally installed taking maximum advantage of factory fabrication in a controlled environment to reduce on-site
contamination, construction timelines, labor, and the
coordination of trades.
Comparing OR Design Performance
Referring back to the introduction, three basic
design concepts for ceiling-mounted air delivery in a
surgical suite have been evaluated: air curtain (AC),
22
ashraE JourNal
ashrae.org
FEBRUARY 2014
multi-diffuser array (MDA), and single-large diffuser
(SLD).
Each of these designs is considered to provide unidirectional, controlled airflow based on the type of diffuser being used. However, the application of these diffusers can vary widely and consequently influence the
performance of each of these systems.
The methods used to study and compare the performance of OR designs in terms of particle movement in
and around the sterile field included:
* Computational fluid dynamic modeling (CFD);
* Airflow simulation (smoke studies, neutral buoyancy
bubbles, etc.); and
* Particle and microbial sampling.
For each method, the systems were compared using
the same room conditions (temperature, airflow velocity, airflow changes) and the same room design (returns,
equipment placement). Where applicable, OR occupant
placement and activity, in addition to the thermal properties of personnel, the patient and equipment also were
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - February 2014
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014
Contents
Commentary
Industry News
Letters
Meetings and Shows
Feature Articles
Understanding Salaries in the A/E Industry
Improving Operating Room Contamination Control
Standing Columns
Engineer's Notebook
Saving Energy with Cooling Towers
Building Sciences
ACREX India 2014 Show Guide
HVAC Applications
Technical vs. Process Commissioning: Design Phase Commissioning
Data Centers
IAQ Applications
Energy Modeling
InfoCenter
Refrigeration Applications
Products
Classified Advertising
Advertisers Index
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - ASHRAE Journal - February 2014
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 2
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - Commentary
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - Industry News
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - Letters
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - Meetings and Shows
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - Understanding Salaries in the A/E Industry
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 13
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 14
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 16
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 17
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - Improving Operating Room Contamination Control
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 20
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 21
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 22
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 23
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 24
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 25
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 26
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 27
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - Engineer's Notebook
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 29
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 30
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 31
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 32
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 33
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - Saving Energy with Cooling Towers
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 35
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 36
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 37
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 38
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 39
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 40
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 41
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - Building Sciences
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 43
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 44
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 45
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 46
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 47
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 48
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - ACREX India 2014 Show Guide
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - SCover2
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - S1
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - S2
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - S3
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - S4
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - S5
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - S6
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - S7
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - S8
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - S9
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - S10
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - S11
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - S12
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - S13
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - S14
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - S15
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - S16
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - S17
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - S18
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - S19
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - S20
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - S21
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - SCover4
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - HVAC Applications
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 50
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 51
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - Technical vs. Process Commissioning: Design Phase Commissioning
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 53
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 54
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 55
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 56
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 57
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - Data Centers
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 59
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 60
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 61
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - IAQ Applications
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 63
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 64
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 65
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 66
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 67
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - Energy Modeling
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 69
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - InfoCenter
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 71
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 72
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 73
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - Refrigeration Applications
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 75
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - Products
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 77
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - 78
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - Classified Advertising
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - Advertisers Index
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - February 2014 - Cover4
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