ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 66
2014 ASHRAE TEcHnology AwARd cASE STudiES
expanded thermal comfort range,
approximately 1,800 hours per year
a
B
of natural ventilation can be used
to cool and ventilate the buildings.
The building's openings were sized
using CIBSE guidelines for natural
ventilation. Some of the spaces take
advantage of stack ventilation, cross
ventilation, and/or having ceiling
fans as shown in Figure 3. Further, all
spaces can be exhausted with a fan
to assist natural ventilation under
certain ambient conditions.
Each operable window is opened
using a window actuator (shown
Figure 2a (LeFt) Potential glare locations with original window location. Figure 2B (right) Potential glare locations with new window location.
in Figure 4) controlled by the building automation system (BAS). The
BAS monitors indoor
automatic operaBLe WindoWs
temperature, relative
exhaust
humidity, and CO2 levels
exhaust
in each regularly occupied space and opens
and closes the windows
based on current indoor
and outdoor conditions.
The general outdoor
temperature and relaautomatic
tive humidity ranges for
automatic
operaBLe
ceiLing Fan
natural ventilation are:
naturaL VentiLation
operaBLe
WindoWs
WindoWs
68°F to 78°F (20°C to
26°C) with a maximum
Figure 3 GTTEC natural ventilation concepts.
of 50% RH. The CO2 sensors may override the
natural ventilation control if the CO2 level rises above
Heating and cooling is provided by a 14-well geoex900 ppm even if ambient conditions are favorable.
change system dug to a depth of 285 ft (87 m) in two
Efficient mechanical systems further add to the
parallel rows north of the building, with a peak coolbuilding's energy savings. As the reduced loads
ing capacity of 30 tons (105 kW). Because Wisconsin is
enabled the use of radiant heating and cooling, the
a heating-dominated climate and geoexchange sysair-side systems could be sized to only meet the ventitems require balanced heating and cooling to funclation and latent loads. The latent load being the airtion over the life of the building, a condensing boiler
side driver, an 80% outside air fraction was calculated.
was added as a secondary heating source for peak
Rather than building and operating a return air system heating days.
for such a small fraction of return air, the outside air
Finally, a 20 kWDC roof-mounted photovoltaic (PV)
array provides roughly 20% of the building's energy. Two
quantity was increased and a dedicated outdoor air
system was used. Using the savings from the return air electrical utility meters enable the PV array to export
systems, a total energy wheel was added to the air han- power to the utility grid when electricity generated
dling unit to recover heating and cooling from exhaust exceeds demand. Approximately 6,700 kWh of electricity was exported to the utility grid in 2012 and 4,600
air.
66
ASHRAE JouRnAl
ashrae.org
March 2014
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - March 2014
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014
Contents
Commentary
Industry News
Letters
Meetings and Shows
Feature Articles
2014 ASHRAE Technology Awards
Cold Weather Operation of Cooling Towers
Improving Operating Efficiency of Packaged Air Conditioners & Heat Pumps
Aligning IECC and Standard 90.1
Small Building, Vast Potential
Standing Columns
Building Sciences
Engineer's Notebook
Refrigeration Applications
Data Centers
HVAC Applications
Energy Modeling
People
Special Products
Classified Advertising
Advertisers Index
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - ASHRAE Journal - March 2014
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 2
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - Commentary
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - Industry News
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 9
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 10
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 12
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 13
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 14
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - Letters
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 17
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - Meetings and Shows
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 2014 ASHRAE Technology Awards
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 21
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 22
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 23
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 24
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 25
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - Cold Weather Operation of Cooling Towers
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 27
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 28
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 29
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 30
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 31
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 32
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 33
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 34
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 35
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - Improving Operating Efficiency of Packaged Air Conditioners & Heat Pumps
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 37
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 38
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 39
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 40
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 41
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 42
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 43
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - Building Sciences
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 45
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 46
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 47
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 48
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 49
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - Engineer's Notebook
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 51
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 52
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 53
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 54
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 55
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - Aligning IECC and Standard 90.1
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 57
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 58
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 59
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 60
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 61
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - Refrigeration Applications
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 63
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - Small Building, Vast Potential
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 65
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 66
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 67
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 68
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 69
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 70
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 71
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 72
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 73
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - Data Centers
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 75
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 76
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 77
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 78
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 79
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 80
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 81
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - HVAC Applications
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 83
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 84
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 85
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 86
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 87
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 88
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 89
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 90
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 91
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 92
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 93
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 94
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 95
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - Energy Modeling
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - People
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - Special Products
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 99
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 100
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 101
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - Classified Advertising
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - 103
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - Advertisers Index
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - March 2014 - Cover4
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