ASHRAE Journal - June 2014 - 73
Best of AsHRAe JouRnAl
condenser water temperatures, the difference between
the two strategies provides an accurate comparison of
the effect on chiller efficiency performance regardless
of any differences in water flow rates. The flow through
the cooling towers varies when pumps slow and towers remain on line. To perform as shown in Figure 4, the
distribution system for each tower must be designed to
accommodate the expected range of flows effectively.
Figure 4 shows that slowing condenser pumps and
tower fans and keeping towers on line results in lower
chiller condenser temperatures compared to shedding constant speed condenser pumps and towers as
the load falls when the total power use is the same for
both. Other methods of condenser pump and tower fan
control have been considered. Some involve operating
all pumps and fans at full speed, while others sequence
constant speed pumps and variable speed towers at different load points or temperature setpoints. However,
using all-variable speed equipment on the heat rejection
side, which is designed to operate with speed control
based on load conditions of the variable speed chiller(s)
served, results in the highest overall plant performance
at part load conditions.6
All-Variable Speed Chiller Plants
A strong tie exists between the operation of the chillers
and the heat rejection systems. Several rules concerning the application of variable speed chillers have been
derived from such analyses of variable speed plants.
These rules are:
1. When variable speed chillers are used, optimum
performance and simplicity of operation is achieved
when all chillers in the plant are variable speed and have
identical performance characteristics.
2. To concurrently achieve the benefits of reduced condensing temperatures and low condenser pump/tower
fan power consumption, condenser pumps and tower
fans should also use variable speed, making the plant an
all-variable speed chiller plant.
3. The focus must be on operating chillers at equal
loading and as near as possible to their natural curves,
and also on coordinating chiller, condenser pump, and
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J u n e 2014
ashrae.org
ASHRAE JouRnAl
73
ASHRAE Journal - June 2014
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - June 2014
Contents
ASHRAE Journal - June 2014 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - June 2014 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - June 2014 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - June 2014 - 2
ASHRAE Journal - June 2014 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - June 2014 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - June 2014 - 5
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ASHRAE Journal - June 2014 - 7
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ASHRAE Journal - June 2014 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - June 2014 - Cover4
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