ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - 56

TECHNICAL FEATURE

in property values finally killed the
ambitious scheme.
The goal of achieving LEED Platinum
status is now unlikely but the owners continue to invest in energysaving measures. The building is in
the process of a major renovation to
bring its functionality up to current
standards.3 The mechanical improvements include, a new chiller, pneumatic controls replaced by digital and
the constant air volume dual duct
system replaced progressively by VAV
using the original ducts.

FIGURE 5 (LEFT) Daley Center boiler plant. FIGURE 6 (RIGHT) Daley Center induction unit.

Richard J. Daley Center
The Richard J. Daley Center, originally known as the
Chicago Civic Center, has a floor area of 137,700 m² (14
million ft2) and although the building is more than 200
m (656 ft) tall it has only 31 floors. It was completed early
in 1966. The central boiler plant has four high-pressure
water tube steam boilers (Figure 5), three rated at 17.2
MW (50,000 lbs/h steam) and one rated at 24.0 MW
(70,000 lbs/h steam). The 24.0 MW boiler was added to
feed the adjacent "Chicago City Hall" but the service was
never provided. Cooling is provided by four open type
centrifugal water chillers each rated at 7.0 MW (2,000
ton). The chillers are located in the building's basement
and connected to high level cooling towers built into the
structure.
Two types of air conditioning were installed. The
perimeter had non-changeover induction and interior
areas, constant volume units with reheat. A typical
induction unit is shown in Figure 6. Air outlets discharge
over the windows, essential given the winter climate and
single glazing without thermal breaks. At an early stage
the heating, the building engineers found it necessary
to run the perimeter high pressure air supply systems
and heating continuously when the temperature fell to
below around 3°C (37°F), simply in order to maintain
reasonably comfortable conditions during the day.
The engineering team modified the system, by
increasing the temperature of the hot water feeding the
induction units, which then allowed the units to act as
natural convectors and avoid running the high pressure
fans, warming outside air unnecessarily. The fans are
switched off overnight and not used at all on Sundays.
56

ASHRAE JOURNAL

ashrae.org

JAN UARY 2015

This "no-cost energy conservation measure" alone saved
more than 5,400,000 kWh in the first year of operation.
This modification to the building's induction system is
one of the energy-saving measures that contribute to the
rating of buildings in the Energy Star certified buildings
and plant scheme.6 The engineering team, operating the
mechanical and electrical systems in the building, has
actively followed the Energy Star guidelines for energy
management to achieve and improve the building rating. Building operators that participate in this program
have the actual energy use of their buildings compared
against similar buildings and rated. A rating of 50, for
example, represents typical performance, while a score
of 75 indicates that the facility performs better than
75% of all similar facilities nationwide. This building
achieved a score of 75 in 2009, which has improved to 82
in 2013.
Many energy-saving measures have been applied to
the engineering systems in this building since the mid1990s and include:
* Supplementing the pneumatic control system with
digital control;
* Changing from CAV reheat to VAV without reheat;
* Changing VAV boxes to digital control;
* Installing inverter drives;
* Retrofitting chillers with R-134a, variable speed
drives and digital controls;
* Installing lighting control systems and converting to
electronic ballasts;
Modernizing elevators with digital controls and ac-dc
generators with VSDs coupled directly to the motors;
These measures and others have reduced the use
of electricity from 266 W/m² (25 W/ft²) in 1997 to 151



ASHRAE Journal - January 2015

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - January 2015

Contents
ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - BB1
ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - BB2
ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - 2
ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - 6
ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - 9
ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - 10
ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - 12
ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - 13
ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - 14
ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - 15
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ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - 18
ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - 20
ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - 21
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ASHRAE Journal - January 2015 - 27
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