ASHRAE Journal - March 2015 - 42

TECHNICAL FEATURE | Fundamentals at Work

ft²) of cooled floor area, comparable
to 20 football fields, is recognized as
the world's largest application. With
the length of 440 m (1,440 ft) and a
width of 110 m (360 ft) and an area of
almost 500 000 m² (5.2 million ft²)
the terminal became the largest combined building complex of its kind in
the world. The H-shaped concourses
FIGURE 7 ECC with TABS and radiant ceiling panel (Seoul, South Korea). Left: Exterior view of ECC; Right:
have a total length of 3.5 km (2.2
Radiant ceiling panels.
miles).
To provide both cooling and ventilation, two
separate systems are combined. The under-floor
cooling system directly
absorbs the solar gains
whilst maintaining a comfortable floor surface temperature (minimum 21°C
[70oF]). The displacement
ventilation system with
a variable flow volume
provides dehumidified
fresh and re-circulated
air at floor level via an
approximately 2 m (6ft, 8
in.) high air diffuser. Due
FIGURE 8 Bangkok Airport (Bangkok, Thailand). Top Left: Concourse building shell; Top Right: Interior membrane; Bottom Left:
to the warm climate the
Installation of floor cooling: Bottom Right: Boundary conditions and simulated temperatures in the concourse, 20°C
temperature in winter
(68°F) Blue; 30°C (86°F) Deep Green; 40°C (104°F) Red.1
may achieve in average of
control performance of hydronic radiant heating systems based on
21°C (70°F) during the night (summer 25°C [77°F]) and
the emulation using hardware-in-the-loop simulation", Building
31°C (88°F) during the day (summer 34°C [93°F]). The
and Environment 46(10).
solar radiation usually incidents perpendicularly to the
3. Kang, D.H., et al. 2010. "Effect of MRT variation on the energy
earth's surface and reaches the level up to 1,000 W/m²
consumption in a PMV-controlled office." Building and Environment
(300 Btu/ h·ft²). Due to the narrow range of the operative 45:1914-1922. 2010.9.
4. Rhee, K.N., Ryu, S.R., Yeo, M.S., Kim, K.W. 2010. "Simulation
temperature at 24°C (75°F) and a relative humidity of
study on hydronic balancing to improve individual room control
between 50 and 60% during the 24 opening period the
for radiant floor heating system." Building Services Engineering Research
airport requires constant cooling and dehumidification. and Technology 31(1):57-73.

Acknowledgments
This article was supported by VELUX guest professorship, and a grant
from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the
Korean government (MEST) (No. 2014-050381).

References
1. Olesen, B.W. 2001. "Control of floor heating and cooling systems." Clima 2000/Napoli 2001 World Congress.
2. Rhee, K.N., Yeo, Myoung S., Kim, K.W. 2011. "Evaluation of the
42

ASHRAE JOURNAL

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MARCH 2015

5. ISO 11855-6: 2012. Building environment design - Design, dimensioning, installation and control of the embedded radiant heating and cooling
systems - Part 6: Control.
6. Olesen, B.W. 1997. "Possibilities and limitations of radiant floor
cooling." ASHRAE Transactions 103(1):42-48.
7. Wiercioch, H. 2001. Betriebserfahrung mit Betonkernaktivierung, BV M+W Zander Stuttgart, In proc: 23.Velta kongress 2001,
Wirsbo-Velta, Nordestedt, Germany.
8. De Carli, M., Olesen, B.W. 2001. "Field measurement of thermal
comfort conditions in building with radiant surface cooling system." Clima 2000.
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