ASHRAE Journal - March 2015 - 82
2015 ASHRAE TECHNOLOGY AWARD CASE STUDIES
series to regenerate the desiccant wheel. The first coil is
circuited for the 82°F (28°C) glycol that is directly harvested from the ammonia condenser and can temper
the air up to 70°F (21°C). The second coil obtains its heat
from an energy recovery heat pump, which also harvests
heat from the ammonia system and produces 130°F
(54°C) glycol to provide the finished temperature to
regenerate the desiccant wheel.
On a typical 40°F (4°C) winter day the result of this
two-step temperature lift is that the first 35% of the temperature lift is done using free heat and the second 65%
by using a heat pump with a COP of 4.99 (4.68 adjusted
for pump horsepower). The low temperature regeneration results in an air temperature entering the rink in
the 85°F (29°C) range rather than the 115°F (29°C) range,
which is typical of the gas-fired units.
A post-heating coil is installed that uses energy from
the heat pumps to provide comfort heating above the ice
rink bleachers, if required.
As a result of these initiatives, no fossil fuels are used
in the facility other than the use of natural gas in the
kitchen since the complex was commissioned in 2012.
Improving Electrical Energy Efficiency
Another challenge was keeping electrical consumption
(electricity is provided by hydroelectricity) in check
while using heat pumps in lieu of natural gas. The
primary refrigerant is ammonia, which is inherently
efficient. We used a new model of ultra-high efficient
VFD-driven compressors that handle both the ice rink
duty in winter and the air-conditioning duty in summer. The compressors have a cooling COP of 4.62 during the ice season and a summertime air conditioning
COP of 15.1. The VFD uneven parallel compressors have
a range of 30 to 60 tons (106 to 211 kW) for the small
compressor and 60 to 90 tons (211 to 317 kW) for the
large compressor, allowing them to exactly track the
refrigeration load year-round. With 100% of the energy
being recovered, the compressors have a combined
heat/cool COP of 10.2 in winter. All of the loads in the
complex including fans, pumps and compressors have
a VFD controlled by the building automation system to
minimize energy consumption.
During the summer, the hot water heat pumps extract
heat from the 19,000 ft2 (1765 m2) of radiant floors,
www.info.hotims.com/54426-44
82
ASHRAE JOURNAL
ashrae.org
MARCH 2015
ASHRAE Journal - March 2015
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - March 2015
Contents
ASHRAE Journal - March 2015 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - March 2015 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - March 2015 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - March 2015 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - March 2015 - 2
ASHRAE Journal - March 2015 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - March 2015 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - March 2015 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - March 2015 - 6
ASHRAE Journal - March 2015 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - March 2015 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - March 2015 - 9
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ASHRAE Journal - March 2015 - 11
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ASHRAE Journal - March 2015 - 14
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ASHRAE Journal - March 2015 - 20
ASHRAE Journal - March 2015 - 21
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ASHRAE Journal - March 2015 - 24
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ASHRAE Journal - March 2015 - 37
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ASHRAE Journal - March 2015 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - March 2015 - Cover4
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