Paint & Coatings Industry - January 2009 - (Page 26)

Synthesis of an Eco-friendly, General-Purpose Binder Based on Agro-Waste Materials TABLE 4 | CNSL-modified maleinized fatty acids epoxy ester resins. Sample Code WSC1 WSC2 WSC3 WSC4 WSC5 WSC6 WSC7 WSC8 WSC9 Sample Code for Epoxy Ester Resin MFA1E1 MFA2E1 MFA3E1 MFA1E2 MFA2E2 MFA3E2 MFA1E3 MFA2E3 MFA3E3 Amount of CNSL(gm) 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Time Period (min) 50 60 70 40 50 60 35 45 55 Acid Value 93 93 92 93 92 92 92 94 93 Solubility Soluble Soluble Soluble Soluble Soluble Soluble Soluble Soluble Soluble Clarity Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear reaction temperature 210 +/-10 ºC and reaction time of 3-4 hours with unreacted maleic anhydride content less than 3%. Higher maleic anhydride not only causes gelation during the processing but can also reduce the resin’s alkali resistance. In the FTIR spectra (Figure 2) of maleinized RBO fatty acids, the peaks at 1778-1782 cm-1 and at 12871291 cm-1 confirm the incorporation of anhydride after one hour. Excess unreacted water was distilled off under reduced pressure. Synthesis of Maleinized Fatty Acid Epoxy Ester Resins The different maleinized fatty acids were esterified with addition of 30% of the three epoxy resins, E1, E 2 and E3, at 140 ºC, 145 ºC and 150 ºC respectively for different time periods to get the desired acid values, i.e., 110-125 as shown in Table 3. As the reaction proceeds, the acid value of the reactants decreases due to the formation of ester. The table clearly illustrates that the esterification time decreases with the increase of epoxy equivalent to get the required acid value. It is noted that the products with acid number 110-130 can be obtained when the maleinized fatty acid to epoxide oligomer ratio is higher than 2.5:1. The process can be accelerated if the ratio is 1-1.5 but the product obtained would have restricted water solubility. Figure 3 shows the FTIR spectra of these resins; peaks at 1174 to 1183 cm-1, 1115 to 1121 cm-1 and 1041 to 1044 cm-1, are attributed to the ester group, O-C-C stretching and C-C(=O)-O stretching vibrations of the ester group, respectively. Peaks at 1607, 1507 and 1460 cm-1 correspond to C……C stretching vibration within the ring and peaks at 1248 cm-1 to 1263 cm-1 are attributed to the C-O-C stretching vibration of the ether group. Synthesis of CNSL Modified Maleinized Fatty Acids Ester Resins Finally, calculated amounts of maleinized fatty acids epoxy ester resins were placed in three-necked round-bottom flasks fitted with a reflux condenser, mechanical stirrer and thermometer. Stirring was started with heating. To this, 30% of CNSL was added on the basis of maleinized fatty acids at 110115 ºC. The reactants were taken in ratios as shown in Table 4.The etherification reaction occurs during the synthesis of this resin. Reaction temperature was maintained at 110-115 ºC until the desired value was obtained to get the water solubility, i.e., 90-100. It was observed that maleinized fatty acid epoxy ester resins having a maleic anhydride content more than 10% gelled after the addition of CNSL. This FIGURE 2 | FTIR spectra of maleinized fatty acids. Transmittance [%] 0.0 4000 0.5 1.0 1.5 3500 3000 2500 2000 -1 1500 1000 500 Wavenumber cm FIGURE 3 | FTIR spectra of maleinized fatty acid epoxy esters. Transmittance [%] 0.0 4000 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 3500 3000 2500 2000 -1 1500 1000 500 Wavenumber cm 26 JANUARY 2009 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M http://WWW.PCIMAG.COM

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Paint & Coatings Industry - January 2009 Contents Viewpoint Industry News Calendar of Events Company News Names in the News Synthesis of an Eco-Friendly, General-Purpose Binder Based on Agro-Waste Materials Supplier Showcases – Green Technology Federal R&D Tax Credit Program Helps Coatings Industry in Tight Economy New Generation of Silica-Encapsulated, Ultramarine Blue High-Performance Pigments Cleaning Up in the Coating Business Low-Odor, VOC-Free Renewable Coalescents for Latexes Used in Very Low-VOC Paints Materials Watch Products Classifieds Advertiser Index

Paint & Coatings Industry - January 2009

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