Clean Run Magazine - January 2007 - 69

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Transverse View Agility Dogs with supraspinatus tendinopathies commonly
have weight-bearing lameness on one side that becomes worse with activity
and often is resistant to treatment. The supraspinatus muscle may be
atrophied and direct palpation over the tendon and flexion of the shoulder
may cause pain. Concurrent BT or shoulder instability may be present, so a
thorough shoulder examination by an orthopedic specialist is required. MRI
readily demonstrates the condition in the acute phase. Plain x-rays and CAT
computerized axial tomography; reveals a cross-section of an internal body
structure scan may reveal mineralization in chronic cases. Arthroscopic
exploration may demonstrate impingement of the biceps tendon secondary to
supraspinatus tendon swelling as well as possible shoulder instability.
Greater Tubercle Inflamed Supraspinatus Tendon Impinged Biceps Tendon
Causes MRI showing inflammation within the supraspinatus tendon and
impingement of the biceps tendon. The cause of this injury in Agility Dogs
appears to be related to repeated strain injury. This includes hitting the
ground or agility contacts on an outstretched forelimb, slipping,
overstretching, or overuse of the muscle, quick turns and repetitive
eccentric contractions contractions during lengthening of the muscle , as
well as concentric contractions contractions with shortening of the muscle
with the muscle in lengthened state. Treatments Treatment for acute cases
consists of conservative medical management controlled activity and NSAIDs
and rehabilitation therapy laser therapy, acupuncture, and passive ROM with
progression to stretching and strengthening exercises as described for BT.
As with BT, the inflammatory process should be reinitiated in chronic
cases and follow a similar rehabilitation protocol. Surgical treatment is
warranted for chronic cases that do not respond to conservative medical
management and rehabilitation therapy. Surgical treatment should include
arthroscopic exploration to identify and treat possible concurrent BT
and/or shoulder instability, or removal of abnormal tissue through an open
approach. Surgery has been considered the treatment of last resort in
humans with tendinosis because of the small reported difference in
treatment success between surgical intervention and conservative
management. X-ray showing mineralization within the tendon which occurs in
chronic tendon conditions. Rehabilitation Controlled activity, retraining,
and preventive techniques for acute and chronic supraspinatus tendinopathy
is similar to that used for bicipital tenosynovitis. Performance dogs can
have a wide range of sport-related conditions of the shoulder. If
management of the canine athlete’s shoulder is approached from a sound
knowledge base of the structure and biomechanics of the region and of the
sport involved, success with this challenging region can be enhanced. For
more information regarding these conditions, please contact Dr. Canapp at
scanapp@vetsportsmedicine.com. D Additional Reading Gilley RS, Wallace LJ,
Hayden DW: Clinical and pathologic analyses of bicipital tenosynovitis in
dogs. Am J Vet Res 63:402-407, 2002 Sharma P, Maffulli N: Tendon injury
and tendinopathy: healing and repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am 87:187202, 2005
Maganaris C, Narici M, Almekinders L, et al: Biomechanics and pathology of
overuse tendon injuries: Ideas on insertional tendinopathy. Sports
Medicine 34:1005-1017, 2004 Supraspinatus laser therapy Shoulder
arthroscopy Dr. Canapp, a Diplomate of the American College of Veternary
Surgeons completed a combined D.V.M./M.S. at Kansas State University, an
internship in small animal surgery at the University of Missouri, a
three-year residency in small animal surgery at the University of Florida,
and training in canine rehabilitation by the Canine Rehabilitation
Institute. Dr. Canapp currently practices orthopedic surgery and sports
medicine at the Veterinary Orthopedic & Sports Medicine Group VOSM in
Ellicott City, Maryland, and acts as a consultant to local zoos, police
K-9 units, agility, flyball, and disc competition dogs. See additional
information about Dr. Canapp at www.vetsportsmedicine.com. January 07 |
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Clean Run Magazine - January 2007

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