Conformity Magazine - January 2009 - (Page 34) In the first scenario, the combined product may be required for testing according to R&TTE Directive article 3.1(b). This implies only generic EMC spurious emissions and RF immunity testing is required, meaning the cabinet radiation and immunity. The combined product and its parts, including the GPS receiver and other functions, are expected to work at a certain performance level during the interference. Such RF immunity testing does not imply testing for mutual collocation interference effects. That is, the regulation does not require isolation between the GPS receiver and the GSM transmitter of greater than 150 dB. The decision is left to the manufacturer as a product quality issue. In addition, the combined equipment must be tested for safety according to EU directive 73/23/EC (the Low Voltage Directive), which is not SAR testing. For the GSM module, separate SAR testing has been assumed. In the second scenario, each radio type of the combined product has to be evaluated according to the R&TTE Directive, article 3.2, which deals with the effective use of spectrum according to the radio types and frequency allocation. The combined equipment will be evaluated according to article 3.1a and 3.1b (EN 301-489-X). This is quite complex process, involving frequency accuracy and drift, modulation conformance, power output, spurious emissions, and many other tests for each technology involved (i.e., GSM, Bluetooth, and GPS in the above case). Again, the intention here is not about the malfunction of the neighboring transceiver due to collocation; rather it is about compliance with the rules on spectrum utilization found in the R&TTE Directive, article 3.2, 3.1, covering spurious emission and general EMC compliance verification. Conclusions 1. 2. The general phenomenon of collocated transceiver has been explored in some depth. The collocated transceivers must be isolated to avoid the interference, which has negative effects on the reception of the nearby receiver. FCC, Industry Canada and EU regulations place emphasis on basic spurious emissions conformance with almost similar limits. In the general EU regulations for EMC, immunity requirements cover, to some degree, the performance issue with respect to collocation as an unintended consequence. FCC’s emphasis on collocation is for a different reason, that is, the SAR performance of the combined equipment. FCC allows collocation of transceivers after basic emission testing and SAR calculations. Inam Rahim is with Intelligent Mechatronic Systems, Inc., and can be reached at irahim@intellimec.com. References 1. 2. 3. Constantine A. Balanis, Antenna, Theory Analysis and Design, Chapter 2, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1997. Code of Federal Regulations- Title 47, FCC-15: “Radio Frequency Devices.” Code of Federal Regulations- Title 47 “Frequency Allocation and Radio Treaty Matters, General Rules & Regulations,” FCC-2-J: Equipment Authorization Procedures. “Evaluation Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radio Frequency EM Fields,” FCC OET-65 bulletin Ed 97-01, August 1997. “Low Power License Exempt Radio-communication Devices, Cat-1 Equipment,” Industry Canada, RSS-210, Issue 6, September 2005. “Radio Equipment Certification Procedure,” Industry Canada, RSP-100, Issue 8, May 2002. “Radio Frequency Exposure Compliance of Radiocommunication Apparatus,” Industry Canada, RSS-102 Issue 2, November 2005. Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and Council, March 19, 999 (R& TTE Directive). ETSI TR 102 070-1 V1.1.1 (2002-07), EMC and Radio Spectrum matters… Multi Radio and Combined Radio and non-Radio Equipment, Part-1 EMC. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ETSI TR 102 070-2 V1.1.1 (2002-07), EMC and Radio Spectrum matters… Multi Radio and Combined Radio and non-Radio Equipment, Part-2: Effective use of Radio Frequency Spectrum. 11. ETSI 301 489-1, EMC and Radio Spectrum matters… Standard for Radio Equipment and services, Part-1: Common Technical Requirements. 12. IEC 61000-4-3, Ed. 2.1 2002-09 “ Testing and Measurement Techniques – Radiated RF EM Field Immunity Test.” 13. Bluetooth Core Specification, Nov. 2004, Vol 2 Part A sec. 4.1.2 and sec 4.1.3, Bluetooth Organization. 14. Health Canada Safety Guide-6. 3. 4. 5. FAST Link www.conformity.com/2550 3 Conformity JAnUAry 2009 http://www.conformity.com/2550
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