Conformity Magazine - October 2007 - (Page 18)

is an intelligent electronics system designed to protect cells by operating them within a predefined voltage, current, and temperature safety parameter. The management system suspends operation and can transmit status and alarm signals to users and support network equipment when an operational parameter is violated. The BMS consists of multiple levels of protection designed for redundancy. Intelligence must be coupled with the lithium electrochemistry to assist in battery survival and to optimize performance. Although the inclusion of a BMS increases system complexity, it is considered necessary for the operation of the lithium batteries at this stage in their development. The active management of battery operation is required because of the high reactivity of lithium with air and water, imbalances in charge with component cell(s), and the limited tolerance of cell materials to misuse or abuse. There may be a point in time when lithium batteries can operate safely and efficiently without the management system. Products covered in GR-3150 can also be shipped as cells or multi-cell modules requiring series connections and external electronic control assembly, as well as batteries shipped fully assembled as 48 V systems. Section 3, General Product Criteria This section contains general product criteria covering the areas of lithium battery quality, reliability, documentation and training, environmental, physical design, electrical safety, bonding and grounding, illumination, self-heating, surface temperature, and the BMS, noted in the discussion of Section 2 above. Section 4, Safety Criteria This section of GR-3150-CORE provides safety requirements for lithium batteries. The requirements address safety issues regarding overcharge, overdischarge, external short circuit, external reserve polarity, high string voltage, fire propagation Anode or Negative Active Material Electrolyte and projectiles, simulated brush fire, simulated telecom environmental cycles, operating altitude, electromagnetic compatibility, handling, earthquake, vibration, crushing, and water-immersion events. A battery’s response to typical electrical, mechanical, and environmental misuse or abuse events can be hazardous to network personnel and infrastructure. In the safety section, potential hazards are associated with battery service are defined. The hazards, in order of decreasing magnitude, are: • Explosion — Forceful fragmentation of battery • Fire — Emission of flames • Venting — Intended release of gas or solid through a designed safety feature • Leaking — Unintended release of gas, liquid, or solid not as a result of venting These hazards form the basis for the safety pass-fail or acceptance criteria. Explosion and fire hazards are considered catastrophic since they can injure network personnel and destroy network infrastructure. GR-3150-CORE does not Figure 3 Cathode or Positive Active Material Lithium Metal Li-metal Solid Polymer Electrode (SPE) Lithium Ion Carbon (Petroleum or Pitch Coke Graphite) Metal Alloys (e.g. Li-cobalt-tin) Intercalation Compounds (e.g., Lithium Titanate) Table 2 18 Conformity oCtober 2007 Intercalation Compounds Organic Liquid Electrolyte Organic Gelled Liquid or Solid Polymer Electrolyte Inorganic Solid Electrolyte Lithium-Containing Intercalation Compounds Organic Compounds

Table of Contents Feed for the Digital Edition of Conformity Magazine - October 2007

Contents Editor’s Note Commission Proposes Changes for 57-64 GHz Spectrum Rules FCC Continues Actions Against Jamming Device Distributors Radio Operator Fined for Failing to Make Equipment Available for Inspection Commission Fines Unsolicited Fax Advertisers Firm Offering Quality Standards Training Also Fined Breaking New Ground with Lithium-Battery Generic Requirements for Use in Telecommunications Facilities ESD Open Forum EMC UK 2007 Conference Set Staying Abreast of U.S. E-Waste Legislation EU Commission Establishes RFID Expert Group Update on China's CCC Compliance Program System Level ESD Testing: The Waveforms An Alternative Approach to Surge Suppression Testing Equipment Buyer's Guide EU Scientific Committee Releases Updated Data on EMF Risks Updated Standards List For The EU’s EMC Directive Updated Standards List For The EU’s Directives on Measuring Instruments Call for Presentations for 2008 International ESD Workshop Announced CPSC Actions In The News IEC Standards Update Product Reviews UL Standards Update New Products From Our “You Can’t Make This Stuff Up” Department Looking Back: Items from Past Issues of Conformity Upcoming Events Advertisers

Conformity Magazine - October 2007

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