Drug Information Journal - March 2009 - (Page 170) 170 MEDICAL INFORMATION Hyveled, Karpur, Nakskov CONCLUSION The success of clinical research conducted in the current knowledge-based economy is dependent on optimizing the process and establishing clinical operational excellence. Continual evaluation throughout clinical trials and, most important, continual corrective action to improve processes and implementing a control mechanism of these actions is essential such that constant feedback about lessons learned helps to avoid similar problems as the trial progresses. Parallel processing, responsiveness to internal dynamics, anticipation and adaptation to changing conditions, and maintaining a proactive mind-set are all important factors for achieving high-quality data and information. Furthermore, extensive preparation before the study starts, such as COP development and comprehensive staff training, leads to a reduction in overall study time. In conclusion, improvements in the usability of information, the ability to handle increasing levels of information, and the identification, implementation, and effective communication of desired actions establishes a competitive advantage for pharmaceutical companies. Information exchange leads to greater knowledge distri- bution and accessibility, ultimately resulting in knowledge innovation. REFERENCES 1. Drucker P. The Age of Discontinuity: Guidelines to Our Changing Society. New York: Harper and Row; 1969. 2. Amidon DM. The Innovation Superhighway: Harnessing Intellectual Capital for Sustainable Collaborative Advantage. London: Butterworth Heinemann; 2003. 3. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 1997;349:1269–1276. 4. Fogelholm R, Murros K, Rissanen A, Avikainen S. Long term survival after primary intracerebral hemorrhage: a retrospective population based study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:1534– 1538. 5. Dennis MS. Outcome after brain hemorrhage. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2003;16(Suppl 1):9–13. 6. Lant TK, Eisner AB. Pharmaceutical R&D in an era of managed healthcare: using integrative teams to produce enduring competitive advantage. Int J Technol Manage. 1998;15:299–321. 7. Rugh WJ. Preface. In Nonlinear System Theory: The Volterra/Wiener Approach. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1981. 8. Stewart I. Does God Play Dice? The Mathematics of Chaos. London: Blackwell, 1990. The authors report no relationships to disclose.
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