Worldwide Solutions - February 2008 - (Page 23) GERSTEL Solutions Worldwide Application Total on chromatograms HAPs by GC/M Total ion chromatograms of HAPs by GC/MS a h m togra grams GC/MS C/ (TDS) and the analytes were refocused in the Cooled Injection System (CIS) mounted in an Agilent Technologies GC 6890. TDS tubes packed with the same types of adsorbent were used to sample air at the beach of Haeundae. Compound identification and quantification were performed using an Agilent MSD 5973. Thermal desorption of analytes from the TDS tube was performed using a temperature program: The starting temperature was set to 30 °C, ramping at a rate of 60 °C/min to an end temperature of 220 °C. Helium carrier gas was used. Cryofocusing was performed at -50 °C in the CIS. The CIS was subsequently heated at a rate of 8 °C per secGERSTEL Solutions Worldwide – February 2008 ond to 220 °C, transferring the analytes to the GC column (Supelco VOCOL, 60 m x 320 µm x 1.8 µm). The GC oven temperature program started at 30 °C, with an initial hold time of 5 minutes. The oven was first ramped at 3 °C/min to 60 °C, followed by a second ramp at 5 °C/min to 150 °C and a third ramp of 2 °C/min to the end temperature of 190 °C, which was held for 2 minutes. Results and Discussion In total, around 150 different HAPs were detected in the gases emitted from the fireworks reactor. Among these were 60 different aromatic compounds, 35 isoparaffines, 20 olefines and 30 naphthenes (see ta- ble). Armed with this knowledge, the scientists went about analyzing air samples from the beach at Haeundae. The results were a wake-up call. Inner city air levels of HAPs near the Pukyong National University, were between 2.5 ppb and 42 ppb as an annual average. BTEX compounds made up 99.9 percent of the total concentration of aromatic compounds. HAP concentrations at the beach frequented by the noise-loving pyrotechnic enthusiasts were normally around a factor of ten higher for m- and p-xylene and a factor of 400 higher for benzene. The BTEX contribution was 69 percent and at 1,260 ppb the concentration was significantly higher 23
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