International Dentistry - Vol. 12, No. 2 - 36

KÖNIG / KASENBACHER

Figure 5: REM: Thermal treatment at 60 °C. While the exterior shape remains mostly intact, their
surface does not exhibit any structuring anymore.

56.5 °C. It appears that repairing processes cannot
eliminate the thermal damage. Contrarily, thermal treatment
will result in a lethal reaction even 1 h later.
Starting at 56.5 °C, most cells died immediately, probably
due to denaturation of the proteins (coagulation). Usually, a
temperature level of 62 °C is given as the starting point for
coagulation in the literature.
However, the Live/Dead Assay does not allow any
conclusions on the effects of the damages on the cell
organelles, compartments or physiological reactions such as
protein production. Consequently, HSP tests and electron
microscopic examinations of the ultra-structure were
conducted additionally.
Heat-Shock-Proteins (HSP) were detected very well at
50 °C by an antibody reaction. The cells were distinctly
coloured, which implies a significant reaction of the cell on
the temperature-related stress. These cells were still able to
synthesise the proteins and to survive for some time. Controls
only showed only a light colouring, which may be the result
of an unspecific reaction of the antibody with different cell
proteins as well as a production of HSP which is not related

to thermal stress.
Similarly, a temperature level of 60 °C only lead to light
colouration, which can be explained by the immediate lethal
effect resulting in a missing time scale for the biosynthesis of
HSP. In general, it should be noted that the first HSP
examinations did not exhibit the expected intracellular
resolution due to a low specificity.
The results of REM and TEM at the different guide values
of 37 °C, 46.5 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C and 65 °C fit very well
with the results from light microscopy. The effects of a sudden
and massive heating to more than 46 °C on the exterior cell
shape (rounding and partial reduction of external structures)
are distinctly visible. The extremely fast contraction of the cells
at temperatures around 50 °C might result in the observed
tearing of cytoplasm-processes. Thermally-related membrane
openings were not detected via REM even at temperatures
of 60 °C and above. These high temperatures probably
resulted in an immediate coagulation of membrane proteins
and other intracellular proteins, which lead to a
"conservation" or fixation of the cells in their current shape.
While the external cell shape was maintained because of

Figure 6: TEM: Control cells at 37 °C. K: Nucleus; ER: endoplasmatic reticulum, RER: rough endoplasmatic reticulum; M: mitochondria;
Z: cytoskeleton; arrows: markers of the nuclear membrane.

36 INTERNATIONAL DENTISTRY - AUSTRALASIAN EDITION VOL. 12, NO. 2



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of International Dentistry - Vol. 12, No. 2

Contents
International Dentistry - Vol. 12, No. 2 - Cover1
International Dentistry - Vol. 12, No. 2 - Cover2
International Dentistry - Vol. 12, No. 2 - Contents
International Dentistry - Vol. 12, No. 2 - 2
International Dentistry - Vol. 12, No. 2 - 3
International Dentistry - Vol. 12, No. 2 - 4
International Dentistry - Vol. 12, No. 2 - 5
International Dentistry - Vol. 12, No. 2 - 6
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International Dentistry - Vol. 12, No. 2 - 8
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International Dentistry - Vol. 12, No. 2 - 36
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International Dentistry - Vol. 12, No. 2 - Cover3
International Dentistry - Vol. 12, No. 2 - Cover4
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