Outline of the cyclorama I' I * Transverse section Figure 1: A juxtaposition of cubes longitudinal section Figure 3 2. Dynamic effects (such as a vista changes) or the continuity of a production can be obtained only by using a revolve. The use of slip-stages to achieve dynamic effects or continued changes of scenes is not possible at the same time as the disabling cyclorama is used (Fig. 4). When the side stages must be changed, "technical" pauses are unavoidable. \ The arrows indicate the problem of \ . the use of the slip wagons with the cyclorama in place With the cyclorama there was a time when the available volume area was not even fitted exactly The square area of the.cyclorama space = Y. of the total floor area available Similarly another use of the frame is available by surrounding the frame with masking pieces Figure 4 Figure 2 background, new volumes have been added at the sides and rear stage. Wood ceilings (now replaced by steel-reinforced concretel preserved the rectangular form of cubic areas and determined the time required to change this scenic complex. This rectilinear form in turn was dictated by the construction techniques of that time, affecting scenery shifting techniques. 3. The fact that the upper limits of the cyclorama are within the sightlines of the spectator requires the masking of the area above the proscenium arch (Fig. 5). Attempting to improve this by using a circular semi-cupola requires the elimination of the lines above the stage for which it provides Toward the end of the last century, this Italian-type stage was provided with a cyclorama and a semi-permanent fixed decor, a foundation on which this method of investiture is based (Fig. 2). The new element is a half-cylindrical surface, obviously added late as shown by its poor relation to the rectangular form of the stagehouse interior. In spite of more recent improvements in technical equipment, the Italianate stage still incorporates some serious faults. 1. The outer extent of the visible acting area is strictly bounded by the cyclorama. Auxiliary areas (that is the side and rear stages) assume a dependent technical character. Shows with large dimensions attempt to overcome the cyclorama's limitations so as to obtain the sensation of unlimited side and back space, and are compelled to give up the advantages of the cyclorama (Fig. 3). As a result difficult problems are caused by variations in the height and in the technical facilities of the auxiliary spaces. lusm May 1008 Continuity of sightlines masking improvised 0~" --- -f- .~ Top of gridiron is eliminated To provide storage for the top olthe cyclorama unusual height is required III for the rear stage Figure 5: Partial solutions 27