Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 24

TECHNICAL REPORT

Inexpensive Electronic Flame
Flicker Effects for the Theatre
Traditionally, lighting technicians
have attempted to simulate the effect of
live flame on stage primarily by turning
lamps on and off at irregular intervals.
One popular method, for instance,
consists of connecting a fluorescent
lamp starter in series with a low to medium wattage lamp. However, in other
situations this and similar techniques
may prove impractical. The fluorescent
starter-based effect, for instance, cannot be dimmed appreciably. Furthermore, such switch- based effects suffer
from an intrinsic esthetic limitation in
that any individual lamp is only capable
of two levels of brightness and this is
usually too blatant for exposed candle
and chandelier flame lamps. The electronic flicker effects to be described
here largely overcome these difficulties.
Fundamentally these electronic
flame flicker effects consist of a number of square wave generators operated
asynchronously, whose summed output
appears as a randomly rising and falling
current or voltage which is used to produce a randomly rising and falling light
output. Two forms of the device have
been constructed. The first is powered
from a battery source and is suitable for
hand carried effects such as lanterns.
The second version is designed to be
used downstream of a standard theatre
thyristor (SCR or TRIAC) dimmer.

IH03

I! 015

ColO)

LO

'0'

le-IB

II 015

out'

I{

'"

0-101

11·106

R-l08

l.1"

3.'"

T

0'

T

ColDS

'.0

IC-28

tH

'"
+

C-107

'0

+

C-loe

R-Ill

R-1I2

"

"

T

TL--~_·O---,'

1

I

"

12

0-102

c-to ..

+

R-1I0

,.
'"

R-101

,,, "
"

'0'

"',

!l-10"

220

.

'HO~

'0

'0'

I'\-II!

"

ollLLCAPACITORS1N~

Figure 1. Schematic DIAGRAM: Flicker Effect-Battery Version.

Battery Powered Version
Both versions use two type 556 integrated circuits each of which consists of
two complete clocks in a single 14 pin
DIP package. In the case of the battery
powered circuit all the clocks are operated in their astable mode which is
to say that the output of each clock
switches continually from low to high
and back at a rare determined by external timing components. Referring to
lClA in Fig.!., for example, the fre22

Figure 2. Battery operated flicker effect circuit 1Il0dule. The type 1891 lalllp we
made "j/allle shape" by slightly heating a length of clear flexible plastic tubill
and then drawing it out to a point.

Theatre Design & Technology I USITT ISpring 1985



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985

Contents
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 1
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 2
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 3
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - Contents
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 5
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 6
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 7
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 8
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 9
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 10
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 11
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 12
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 13
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 14
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 15
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 16
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 17
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 18
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 19
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 20
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 21
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 22
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 23
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 24
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 25
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 26
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 27
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 28
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 29
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 30
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 31
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 32
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 33
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 34
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 35
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 36
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 37
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 38
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 39
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 40
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 41
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 42
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 43
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 44
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 45
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 46
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 47
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 48
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 49
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 50
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 51
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 52
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 53
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 54
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 55
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 56
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 57
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 58
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 59
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 60
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 61
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 62
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 63
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 64
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 65
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 66
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 67
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 68
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 69
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 70
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 71
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 72
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 73
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 74
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 75
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 76
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 77
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 78
Theatre Design & Technology - Spring 1985 - 79
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2022winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2022winter_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2021fall_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2021fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2021summer_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2021summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2021spring_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2021spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2021winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2021winter_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2020fall_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2020fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2020summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2020summer_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2020spring_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2020spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2020winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2020winter_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2019fall_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2019fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2019summer_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2019summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2019spring_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2019spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/usitt_techexpoguide_2019_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/usitt_techexpoguide_2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2019winter_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2019winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2018fall_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2018fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2018summer_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2018summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2018spring_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2018spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2018winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2017fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2017fall_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2017summer_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2017summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2017spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2017spring_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/usitt_techexpoguide_2017_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/usitt_techexpoguide_2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2017winter_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2017winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2016fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2016summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2016spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2016spring_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2016winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2015fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2015summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2015spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2015winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2014fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2014summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2013winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2013summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2013fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2013spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2012winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2012fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2012summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2012spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2011winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2011fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2011summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2011spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2010winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2010fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2010summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2010spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2009winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2009fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2009summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2009spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2008winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2008fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2008summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2008spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2007winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2007fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2007summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2007spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2006winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2006fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2006summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2006spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2005winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2005fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2005summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2005spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2004winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2004fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2004summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2004spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2003winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2003fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2003summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2003spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2002winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2002fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2002summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2002spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2001winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2001fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2001summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2001spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2000winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2000fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2000summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2000spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1999winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1999fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1999summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1999spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1998winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1998fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1998summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1998spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1997winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1997fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1997summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1997spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1996winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1996fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1996summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1996spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1995winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1995fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1995summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1995spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1994winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1994fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1994summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1994spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1993winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1993fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1993summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1993spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1992winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1992fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1992summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1992spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1991winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1991fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1991summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1991spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1990fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1990summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1990spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1989winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1989fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1989summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1989spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1988winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1988winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1988fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1988summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1988spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1987winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1987fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1987summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1987spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1986winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1986fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1986summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1986spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1985winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1985fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1985summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1985spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1984fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1984summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1984spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1983winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1983fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1983summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1983spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1982winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1982fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1982summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1982spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1981winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1981fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1981summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1981spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1980winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1980fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1980summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1980spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1979winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1979fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1979summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1979spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1978winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1978fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1978summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1978spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1977winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1977fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1977summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1977spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1976winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1976fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1976summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1976spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1975winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1975fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1975summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1975spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1974Dec
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1974Oct
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1974May
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1974Feb
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1973Dec
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1973Oct
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1973May
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1973Feb
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1972Dec
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1972Oct
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1972May
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1972Feb
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1971Dec
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1971Oct
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1971May
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1971Feb
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1970Dec
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1970Oct
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1970May
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1970Feb
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1969Dec
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1969Oct
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1969May
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1969Feb
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1968Dec
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1968Oct
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1968May
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1968Feb
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1967Dec
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1967Oct
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1967May
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1967Feb
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1966Dec
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1966Oct
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1966May
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1966Feb
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1965Dec
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1965Oct
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1965May
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com