Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 1985 - 16

A Standard Graphic Language
for Lighting Design
by the Graphics Standards Board
of USITT

There are two primary needs for
standardized lighting graphic system in
the technical theatre industry. First,
theatre work is performed in a restrictive time frame which prohibits inefficient communication. The mobility of
the members of the trade intensifies the
need for a standard graphic language.
Professional (and some educational)
designers and technicians frequently
work by mail or telephone and travel
from theatre to theatre or shop to shop
and their drawings must be meaningful
to the members of each staff with
whom they work. The most effective
manner to attain that meaning is with a
common graphic language. Secondly, a
consistent graphic language is of importance to educators preparing students for entry into the profession of
lighting design or technical theatre.
Lacking published standards, the educator can only assume a graphic language that is acceptable to the industry
and if one's assumptions are incorrect,
one may provide improper training to
students and perhaps hamper their professional growth.
A standard is an example for comparison and an authority which serves
as a model and the word graphic implies
the presentation of a picture described
in sufficient detail to meet the intended
needs. The combination of these two
words depicts the established purpose
of the Education Commission's Graphic
Standards Board: to present a series of
models which may be used to aid the
theatrical drafter.
Typically, graphic standards are begun when individuals or groups start to
codify the existing practice and, usually,
it is felt that any new standard should
have a basis in established drafting
methods if it is to have value. Obviously, the theatre has arrived at this point
without a uniform lighting graphic system, and some see no need for establishing a consistent mode of expression.
However, an agreed upon set of standards, like those of other industries,
would tend to improve the efficient use
of graphic materials in the theatre.
The Graphic Standards Board of

USITT's Education Commission was
established in 1980 and was em powered
by the Commission to devise a set of
graphic standards for recommendation
to the US ITT membership as the standard graphic language for theatrical
production. A Scenic Graphic Standard
was presented in the Spring 1982 issue
of Theatre Design & Technology. This
article is concerned with the presentation of the Lighting Graphic Standard.
For the current phase of its work the
Graphics Board has examined studies
of current lighting graphic practice conducted by J. Michael Gillette, Stephen
M. Zapytowski, Sr., and others. The
Board has surveyed many texts and other publications containing information
on lighting graphics and has participated in two very stimulating sessions
with members of USITT at the Corpus
Christi and Orlando Conferences. It is
on the basis of this several years' work
that the Board makes the following
recommendations:
General Description -The concept
of a standard must evolve from a logical
basis and in this case, that basis is rooted
in the only inflexible rule of technical
drawing: that any graphic communication must be clear, consistent and efficient. While these recommendations
will not include specific guidelines for
the orientation of information on individual plates, any graphic presentation should adhere to the general recommendation for clarity. Equally important, all line weights, line types,
symbols, conventions, and lettering
should be consistent from plate to plate
and in a given set of drawings. This
does not mean that everyone will be expected to letter in the same manner, nor
draw their arrowheads in precisely the
same way. It means that each drafter
should be able to establish a "style"
within the guidelines of the recommended standards and conform to that
style throughout the drawings for a particular project or production and that
all departure from the guidelines should
be indicated on that drawing by suitable
notes or legends. Finally, the standards

and symbols used in any recommend,
guide should be efficient - both in ea
of drawing, and in ease of comprehe
sion for the reader.
Light Plot-A light plot is a to
used by the lighting designer to conve
in a precise manner to the electricia
information needed to rig a lighting d
sign. The specific definition of the lig
plot is as follows: A light plot is a he
izontal offset section with the cuttil
plane passing at whatever levels are r
quired to produce the most descripti
view of the instrumentation, in relatil
to a set (or sets), needed to light
production.
Line Weights-The USITT recar
mends a modified ANSI standard t\
thickness line system. The propos
line weights are as follows:

Pen:

Thin:

.010" to .0125" widt
(ANSI standard = .01E
Thick: .020" to .025" widtt
(ANSI standard = .032

Pencil: Thin: .3mm
Thick: .5mm
In either pen or pencil, an extra thi
line, .035" to .040" (9mm) may be i
frequently used, as necessary, for eJ
phasis (plate border, suitable secti,
cutting plane line, etc.)
Conventions-The setting is usua
drawn on a light plot and is needed
help the electrician understand physi<
and spatial relationships, between i
strument and scenery. This is inform
tion which may be critical to the Cfi
member who must rig the lights t
may not be familiar with the totality
information which the lighting desigr
used to construct the plot. While be
lighting instruments and scenery m
be drawn on a light plot, the dominc
portion of the drawing should be t
lighting graphic. Thus it is recol
mended that the solid "thick" line
used to draw lighting symbols and
solid "thin" line be used to draw sce
ery outlines and that the lighting p<
tion of the plot take precedence over t



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 1985

Contents
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 1985 - 1
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 1985 - 2
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 1985 - 3
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 1985 - Contents
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 1985 - 5
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 1985 - 6
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 1985 - 7
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 1985 - 8
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Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 1985 - 20
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 1985 - 21
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