Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 43

quotes Picasso: "Men had made those masks and other objects
for a sacred purpose, a magic purpose, as a kind of mediation
between themselves and the unknown hostile forces that surrounded them, in order to overcome their fear and horror by
giving them form and an image. At that moment I realized that
this was what painting was all about. Painting is not an aesthetic
operation: it is a form of magic designed as a mediator between
this strange, hostile world and us, a way of seizing the power by
giving form to our terrors as well as our desires. When I came
to that realization, I knew I had found my way" (Bihalji-Merin
1970, 179).
Later Bihalji-Merin refers to the "central regions important in the world of masks; those of the West African cultural
groupings, from Ghana to Angola"
and to "African masked dancers
who take part in funeral, fertility
Just as Western
and initiation festivities, representing punitive and regulating powers."
culture has
Traditional African conceptualizabeen influenced
tions used in creating masks for Afby African
rican performance have influenced
numerous other twentieth-century
art, African
Western artists such as Modigliani,
communities
Paul Klee, Eduardo Paolozzi, and
Henry Moore (Bihalji-Merin 1970,
have been
44-5). Plays currently produced
influenced by the
in the United States such as August
West in terms of
Wilson's Gem of the Ocean and Julie Taymor's Lion King incorporate
education and
significant aspects of African masked
Western myths.
performance.
But just as Western culture
has been influenced by African art,
African communities have been influenced by the West in terms of
education and Western (as well as
Islamic) myths. Today, Nigerian citizens encounter Western aesthetic and value systems more often than they did one hundred
years ago. How does this situation influence their traditional
masked performance festivals? Ultimately, what challenges do
mask makers confront in the midst of such dramatic cultural
change and what insights into traditional African mask making can contemporary Nigerian mask makers teach us?
I first decided to visit and interview mask makers in
Nigeria after seeing Ojetunji Ojeyemi's magnificent Egungun masquerade at the 2005 International Mask Conference at the University of Southern Illinois, Carbondale.
My review of that event, published in the spring 2006 issue of TD&T, described him as a Nigerian performer who
"held the audience spellbound with the rhythmic drumming, music, and masked dance of a typical Yoruba ancestral (Egungun) masquerade. Ojetunji (or Tunji as he calls
himself) paraded onto the university's stage to prophesy,
pontificate, admonish, and inspire the surrounding village

42

THEATRE

DESIGN

&

TECHNOLOGY

W I N T E R

2008

people. Some were members of the audience who came
on stage to participate" (Bell 2006, 42-3). Apart from his
extensive experience as a masked performer, Tunji also designs and makes masks, though he focuses primarily on
performance. He is a professor at Obafemi Awolowo University, where he teaches performance techniques, dance,
and choreography. He is also artistic director of a professional dance troupe, located in the city of Ile-Ife, the cradle
of Yoruba culture.

Masquerade in Nigeria
Westerners tend to think of masquerade as a rather shallow
event, usually involving stately moving celebrities on parade
floats; or blandly waving cartoon characters at Disney World.
Conversely, the Egungun masquerade, like the one Tunji presented in Illinois, involves serious spiritual emphasis on the
realm of the dead. Unlike Western presentational forms of
staged expression, some African rituals (while not as predominant as originally assumed) require the mask to take on
the spirit/character that it evokes during the performance rite
(Pernet 1992, 117-35). At this point, the mask becomes "alive"
not symbolically, but literally. The Egungun masks conjure ancestral spirits and Egungun performers talk about the spirit of
the dead literally inhabiting their bodies when masked. While
Egunguns are rarely sinister, they carry such profound secrets
that audience members maintain respectful distances. Traditionally, women are forbidden to either create or touch such
forms, either in the act of making the mask or in performance,
although some women, if they belong to the appropriate cult,
can attend ceremonial performances.
Tunji and several other Nigerians I interviewed insisted
that this concept does not denigrate women. After all, Yoruba
women have their own masked spectacle in the form of the
Gèlèdé masquerades, which acknowledge their own impressive powers. (Albeit the masquerades are performed by male
masqueraders.) The Yoruba communities consider women
essentially separate but equal in terms of their own capabilities (Ojeyemi/ Ogunneyemi, 2006). Pernet in his book Ritual
Masks describes the Gèlèdé Festival as "honoring [Yoruba]
mothers. It publicly recognizes the power of women (old
women, ancestresses, or deified women), not only their creative power but also their secret and destructive power which
expresses itself in witchcraft. The participants aim then at conciliation between [Yoruba] mothers and the witches (àjé) so
that they will use their powers for good rather than the destruction of the community" (Pernet 1992 Dead, 64). Beckwith and
Fisher describe this ritual more specifically as one where "the
objective is to identify and eliminate the negative aspects of female power and replace them with the more benevolent themes
of fecundity, maternity, and well-being" (Beckwith 1999, 119).
Furthermore, the annual Osun Festival in Osogbo celebrates the feminine, fertile, and creative powers of Osun, an
important Yoruba òrìsà. The term, òrìsà, helps to explain the
essential purpose and functions of Yoruba masks. Occasion-



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008

Contents
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 1
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 2
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 3
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - Contents
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 5
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 6
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 7
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 8
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 9
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 10
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 11
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 12
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 13
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 14
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 15
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 16
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 17
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 18
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 19
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 20
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 21
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 22
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 23
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 24
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 25
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 26
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 27
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 28
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 29
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 30
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 31
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 32
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 33
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 34
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 35
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 36
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 37
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 38
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 39
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 40
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 41
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 42
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 43
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 44
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 45
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 46
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 47
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 48
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 49
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 50
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 51
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 52
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 53
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 54
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 55
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 56
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 57
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 58
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 59
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 60
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 61
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 62
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 63
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 64
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 65
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 66
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 67
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 68
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 69
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 70
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 71
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 72
Theatre Design & Technology - Winter 2008 - 73
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2022winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2022winter_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2021fall_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2021fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2021summer_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2021summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2021spring_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2021spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2021winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2021winter_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2020fall_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2020fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2020summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2020summer_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2020spring_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2020spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2020winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2020winter_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2019fall_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2019fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2019summer_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2019summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2019spring_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2019spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/usitt_techexpoguide_2019_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/usitt_techexpoguide_2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2019winter_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2019winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2018fall_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2018fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2018summer_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2018summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2018spring_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2018spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2018winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2017fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2017fall_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2017summer_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2017summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2017spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2017spring_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/usitt_techexpoguide_2017_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/usitt_techexpoguide_2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2017winter_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2017winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2016fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2016summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2016spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2016spring_public
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2016winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2015fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2015summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2015spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2015winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2014fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2014summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2013winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2013summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2013fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2013spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2012winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2012fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2012summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2012spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2011winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2011fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2011summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2011spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2010winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2010fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2010summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2010spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2009winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2009fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2009summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2009spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2008winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2008fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2008summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2008spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2007winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2007fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2007summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2007spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2006winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2006fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2006summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2006spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2005winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2005fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2005summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2005spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2004winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2004fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2004summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2004spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2003winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2003fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2003summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2003spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2002winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2002fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2002summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2002spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2001winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2001fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2001summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2001spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2000winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2000fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2000summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_2000spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1999winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1999fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1999summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1999spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1998winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1998fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1998summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1998spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1997winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1997fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1997summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1997spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1996winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1996fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1996summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1996spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1995winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1995fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1995summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1995spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1994winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1994fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1994summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1994spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1993winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1993fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1993summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1993spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1992winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1992fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1992summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1992spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1991winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1991fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1991summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1991spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1990fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1990summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1990spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1989winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1989fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1989summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1989spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1988winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1988winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1988fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1988summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1988spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1987winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1987fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1987summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1987spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1986winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1986fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1986summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1986spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1985winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1985fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1985summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1985spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1984fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1984summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1984spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1983winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1983fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1983summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1983spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1982winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1982fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1982summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1982spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1981winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1981fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1981summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1981spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1980winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1980fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1980summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1980spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1979winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1979fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1979summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1979spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1978winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1978fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1978summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1978spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1977winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1977fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1977summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1977spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1976winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1976fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1976summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1976spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1975winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1975fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1975summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1975spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1974Dec
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1974Oct
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1974May
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1974Feb
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1973Dec
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1973Oct
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1973May
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1973Feb
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1972Dec
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1972Oct
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1972May
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1972Feb
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1971Dec
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1971Oct
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1971May
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1971Feb
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1970Dec
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1970Oct
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1970May
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1970Feb
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1969Dec
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1969Oct
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1969May
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1969Feb
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1968Dec
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1968Oct
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1968May
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1968Feb
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1967Dec
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1967Oct
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1967May
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1967Feb
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1966Dec
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1966Oct
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1966May
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1966Feb
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1965Dec
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1965Oct
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/hickmanbrady/tdt_1965May
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com