Nestle Supplement 2

NUTRITION AND THE OLDER PERSON Table of Contents 3 7 Introduction to Weight Loss in Older Persons Diagnosis and Management of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in the Elderly The Danger of Weight Loss in the Elderly Nutrients and Frailty 18 23 CONTINUING EDUCATION COMPLETION TIME: Estimated time to complete this activity is 1 hour. TARGET AUDIENCE: Physicians, nurses, and dietitians who treat geriatric patients LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of this educational activity, participants should be able to: • Define the relationship of weight loss and outcome in older adults • Describe the differential diagnostic approach to evaluation of weight loss in older adults • Detect the changes in body composition that occur with aging and the limitations of applying classifications of overweight and obesity in young adults to elderly patients • Explain the importance of preventing muscle loss in the elderly • List the many factors that contribute to malnutrition and weight loss in the older person, as well as the potential outcomes • Observe the contributing factors that lead to frailty in the older person as well as potential ways to reverse the deleterious effects of frailty. MEDIUM USED AND METHOD OF PARTICIPATION: Read the digital activity online and submit your evaluation and post-test online to North American Center for Continuing Medical Education. SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION: Successful completion entails participants obtaining a score of at least 70% on the post-test. A certificate of completion will be mailed to the address listed on your post-test/evaluation form within 6 weeks of receipt of the documents. ACCREDITATION: MD/DO: This activity is sponsored by the North American Center for Continuing Medical Education (NACCME). NACCME is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. NACCME designates this educational activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. This activity has been planned and produced in accordance with the ACCME Essential Areas and Policies. NURSES: ANCC: NACCME is an approved provider of continuing nursing education by the Pennsylvania State Nurses Association, an accredited approver by the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission on Accreditation. This continuing nursing education activity was approved by the PA State Nurses Association for 1 contact hour (Provider Number 110-3-E-06). Provider approved by the California Board of Registered Nursing, Provider Number 13255, for 1 contact hour. DIETITIANS: North American Center for Continuing Medical Education is a Continuing Professional Education (CPE) Accredited Provider with the Commission on Dietetic Registration (CDR). Registered dietitians (RDs) and dietetic technicians, registered (DTRs) will receive 1 continuing professional education unit (CPEUs) for completion of this program. DISCLOSURES: All those with control over the content of continuing education programs sponsored by NACCME are expected to disclose whether they do or do not have any real or apparent conflict(s) of interest or other relationships related to the content of their presentation(s). It is not assumed that these relationships will have an adverse impact on presentations; they are simply noted here to fully inform participants. Dr. Clave has disclosed that he has received grant/research support and is a consultant, scientific advisor, and member of the speakers’ bureau for Novartis Medical Nutrition and Image & Physiology. Dr. Morley has disclosed that he has no significant financial relationship with any organization that could be perceived as a real or apparent conflict of interest to the context of his article. Dr. Thomas has disclosed that he has no significant financial relationship with any organization that could be perceived as a real or apparent conflict of interest to the context of his article. Dr. Wolfe has disclosed that he has no significant financial relationship with any organization that could be perceived as a real or apparent conflict of interest to the context of his article. All those involved in the planning and editing of this educational activity have disclosed that they have no significant financial relationship with any organization that could be perceived as a real or apparent conflict of interest in the context of this educational activity. Editor: R. Olszewski: no significant financial relationship Reviewer: J. Reitano, MD: no significant financial relationship COMMERCIAL SUPPORTER: This activity is supported by an educational grant from Novartis Nutrition. CONFLICT OF INTEREST RESOLUTION/CONTENT VALIDATION: In compliance with ACCME Standards for Commercial Support and NACCME’s policy and procedure for resolving conflicts of interest, this continuing medical education activity was reviewed by Joseph Reitano, MD, in December 2007 for clinical content validity, to insure that the activity’s materials are fair, balanced, and free of bias toward the commercial supporters of the activity, that activity materials represent a standard of practice within the profession in the United States, and that any studies cited in the materials upon which recommendations are made are scientifically objective and conform to research principles generally accepted by the scientific community. This activity is sponsored by the North American Center for Continuing Medical Education. RELEASE DATE: December 27, 2007 EXPIRATION DATE: December 27, 2009 2 • DECEMBER 2007

Table of Contents Feed for the Digital Edition of Nestle Supplement 2

Nestle Supplement Table of Contents Introduction to Weight Loss in Older Persons Diagnosis and Management of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in the Elderly The Danger of Weight Loss in the Elderly Nutrients and Frailty

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