Nestle Supplement 2

NUTRITION AND THE OLDER PERSON POST-TEST QUESTIONS 1. Weight loss in older persons is associated with: A. Increased mortality B. Increased morbidity C. Decreased functional status D. All of the above 2. Cachexia produces weight loss by a direct effect on: A. Suppression of appetite (anorexia) B. Muscle protein synthesis C. Disuse atrophy due to effects of disease D. All of the above 3. Which of the following conditions responds to refeeding? A. Starvation B. Sarcopenia C. Cachexia D. Anorexia 4. Which of these conditions produces loss of both fat-free and fat mass? A. Starvation B. Cachexia C. Sarcopenia D. A, B, and C E. A and B 5. What sign or symptom seems suspicious of aspiration in an elderly patient with oropharyngeal dysphagia? A. Abolished gag reflex B. Oral residue after swallowing C. Wet voice after swallowing D. Cough when swallowing liquids 6. What are the main complications of oropharyngeal dysphagia in the elderly? A. Undernourishment B. Dehydration C. Aspiration D. All of the above 7. The prevalence of aspiration pneumonia in older patients with clinical or videofluoroscopic signs of aspiration is: A. 50% B. 30% C. 20% D. None of the above 8. Mortality associated with aspiration pneumonia in older patients is: A. None B. 50% C. 10% D. 90% 9. What is considered overweight? A. BMI of 18–22 B. BMI of 25–30 C. BMI of 30–35 10. What is considered obese? A. BMI > 20 B. BMI > 25 C. BMI > 30 11. Loss of muscle mass and strength with age is termed: A. Sarcopenia B. Cachexia C. Wasting 12. List 3 changes in body composition associated with aging: A. Increase in muscle mass, increase in body fat composition, increase in fat mass B. Decrease in muscle mass, increase in body fat distribution, decrease in fat mass C. Increase in fat mass, decrease in muscle mass, and distribution of fat changes 13. Low intake of which of the following nutrients is related to frailty? A. Protein B. Carbohydrate C. Lipids D. Pyridoxine E. Vitamin C 14. Potential reasons why weight loss is bad for older persons include: A. Increased small dense LDL B. Increased PCBs C. Altered drug effects D. Bone loss E. All of the above 15. The most common cause of severe weight loss in older persons is: A. Gluten enteropathy B. Hyperthyroidism C. Cancer D. Depression E. Therapeutic diet 16. Testosterone in combination with which nutrient decreases hospitalization? A. Vitamin D B. Vitamin E C. Protein D. Zinc E. Magnesium 17. What decreases the decline in motor neuron units with aging? A. Myostatin B. Testosterone C. Insulin growth factor-I D. Ciliary neurotrophic factor E. Ghrelin DECEMBER 2007 • 31

Table of Contents Feed for the Digital Edition of Nestle Supplement 2

Nestle Supplement Table of Contents Introduction to Weight Loss in Older Persons Diagnosis and Management of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in the Elderly The Danger of Weight Loss in the Elderly Nutrients and Frailty

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