IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine - Q2 2018 - 90

Feature

CMOS Vision Sensors:
Embedding Computer Vision
at Imaging Front-Ends
a. rodríguez-Vázquez, J. Fernández-Berni,
J.a. Leñero-Bardallo, I. Vornicu, and r. carmona-galán

Abstract
cmOs Image sensors (cIs) are key for imaging technologies. these chips are conceived for
capturing optical scenes focused on their surface, and for delivering electrical images, commonly in digital format. cIss may incorporate
intelligence; however, their smartness basically concerns calibration, error correction and
other similar tasks. the term cVIss (cmOs
VIsion sensors) defines other class of sensor
front-ends which are aimed at performing vision tasks right at the focal plane. they have
been running under names such as computational image sensors, vision sensors and silicon retinas, among others.
cVIs and cIss are similar regarding physical implementation. However, while inputs of both
cIs and cVIs are images captured by photo-sensors placed at the focal-plane, cVIss primary outputs may not be images but either image features or
even decisions based on the spatial-temporal analysis of the scenes. We may hence state that cVIss are
more "intelligent" than cIss as they focus on information
instead of on raw data. actually, cVIs architectures capable
of extracting and interpreting the information contained in images, and prompting reaction commands thereof, have been
explored for years in academia, and industrial applications are
recently ramping up.
One of the challenges of cVIss architects is incorporating
computer vision concepts into the design flow. the endeavor is
ambitious because imaging and computer vision communities are
ImagE LIcEnsEd By Ingram PuBLIsHIng

Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCAS.2018.2821772
Date of publication: 21 May 2018

90

IEEE cIrcuIts and systEms magazInE

1531-636X/18©2018IEEE

sEcOnd quartEr 2018



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