IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March 2018 - 48

END-TO-END DELAY
Finding the data collector's location and then forwarding the
data packets to the collector node is a time-consuming task.
End-to-end latency of the network of the proposed protocol in
comparison with the existing protocol is shown in Figure 10.
In the proposed model, source sensors forward data to the forwarding node, followed by the data collector gathering sensed
data when the forwarding nodes are within its radio range. As
a result, the end-to-end delay of the proposed technique is
much less compared to the existing protocol. End-to-end
latency of the network of the proposed protocol in comparison
with the existing protocol is shown in Figure 10.

PACKET DELIVERY RATIO

Average
Energy Consumption (J)

The packet delivery ratio is the ratio of received packets to the
packets delivered. This ratio is always counted in percentages,
i.e., the number of packets delivered when 100 packets are
sent from source sensors. The proposed technique needs less
time to get the data collector's location when compared to
ring routing. Ring routing introduces a delay while forwarding
a data packet toward the base station. In that time, the data
collector may change its location by selecting the next movement, causing data loss. In the proposed model, the data col-

0.3
0.295
0.29
0.285
0.28
0.275
0.27

Existing
3

6

Proposed

9
12
Sink Speed (km/h)

3

6

Proposed

9
12
Sink Speed (km/h)

15

FIGURE 10. The variation of the end-to-end delay with the data
collector speed.
48 IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine

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MARCH 2018

Network lifetime refers to the time taken until the first node
dies in the network. Network lifetime plays a vital role when
time sensors are used to sense the network. In a specific
experiment, the network lifetime is measured by considering
the number of nodes (200 nodes) that have died in the sensing network by varying the simulation time from 100 to
600 s. The result of the comparison between the existing
and proposed technique for network lifetime is shown in
Figure  12. The proposed technique has a longer network
lifetime than the ring-routing protocol. The proposed protocol uses fewer control packets, resulting in load balance
among the sensors and follows an optimum route for data
packet dissemination.

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTION
In the IoT, tiny sensors are deployed to sense networks within
scenarios where the sensors have limited battery capacity and

96
94
92
90
88
86
84
82
80
78

Existing
3

6

Proposed

9
12
Sink Speed (km/h)

15

FIGURE 11. The variation of the packet delivery ratio with the
data collector speed.

Number of Node Alive

End-to-End Delay (s)

0.14
0.12
0.1

Existing

NETWORK LIFETIME

15

FIGURE 9. The variation of the average energy consumption with
the data collector speed.

0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0

lector's location information is not required; when the sensor
node senses data, it forwards that data to the forwarding node,
decreasing packet loss. Therefore, the proposed technique has
a better packet delivery ratio compared to other protocols. As
shown in Figure 11, the packet delivery ratio performance of
the proposed model is always efficient and better compared to
the ring-routing protocol.

Data Delivery Ratio (%)

protocol, as shown in Figure 9. Average energy consumption
reveals an improved lifetime as a result of this technique.

220
200
180
160
140
120
100
100

Existing
200

Proposed

300
400
500
Simulation Time (s)

600

FIGURE 12. The variation of the network lifetime with the simulation time.
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March 2018
