Bariatric Times - August 2008 - (Page 19) Bariatric Times • August 2008 Journal Watch 19 associated with adiposity, central adiposity, and blood pressure in threeyear-old children, researchers studied 746 mother-child pairs from a prospective cohort study. Based on the results, authors conclude that former smokers and early pregnancy smokers had children with somewhat higher systolic blood pressure, but only early pregnancy smokers had children who were more overweight. PMID: 16339135 OBESITY AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION Neuropsychological performance of a clinical sample of extremely obese individuals. Boeka AG, Lokken KL. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2008 Apr 28. [Epub ahead of print] Synopsis: To examine neuropsychological performance in a clinical sample of extremely obese patients, authors administered cognitive tests to 68 individuals seeking surgical treatment of obesity, as part of their standard presurgical evaluation. Significant differences were found in performances of extremely obese individuals on tests of executive functioning (planning, problem solving, mental flexibility) compared to normative data, while no significant differences in executive functioning were found between obese patients with and without comorbid medical conditions of hypertension, type II diabetes, and obstructive sleep apnea. PMID: 18448310 C-reactive protein is linked to lower cognitive performance in overweight and obese women. Sweat V, Starr V, Bruehl H, et al. Inflammation 2008 Jun;31(3):198–207. Epub 2008 Mar 18. Synopsis: To explore the association between C-reactive protein and cognition and how they are affected by gender and obesity, researchers studied 62 women (42 overweight or obese) and 63 men (49 overweight or obese), from 42 to 82 years of age. It was found that C-reactive protein was associated with lower scores on cognitive tests of frontal lobe function among women, but no associations between C-reactive protein and cognition were found among men. Authors conclude that obesity-associated inflammation is more prominent in females and appears to be associated with cognitive dysfunction, particularly of frontal lobe tasks. PMID: 18347963 Body mass index and magnetic resonance markers of brain integrity in adults. Gazdzinski S, Kornak J, Weiner MW, Meyerhoff DJ. Ann Neurol 2008 Apr 11. [Epub ahead of print] Synopsis: Researchers studied data from 50 healthy middle-aged individuals to analyze the relationship between BMI and N-acetylaspartate (a spectroscopic marker of neuronal viability) in frontal, parietal, and temporal white matter and in frontal gray matter, and choline-containing metabolites (associated with membrane metabolism) in frontal white matter. Based on the results, authors conclude that increased BMI at midlife is associated with neuronal and/or myelin abnormalities, primarily in the frontal lobe, results which may reflect accelerated aging in individuals with high levels of adiposity. PMID: 18409192 The metabolic syndrome is associated with decelerated cognitive decline in the oldest old. van den Berg E, Biessels GJ, de Craen AJ, et al. Neurology 2007 Sep 4;69(10):979–985. Synopsis: To study the association between the metabolic syndrome and cognitive function in the oldest old, authors recorded the presence (n=237) or absence (n=325) of metabolic syndrome in individuals from age 85 to 90 years. They found that at age 85 the metabolic syndrome was not associated with lower cognitive performance; it was associated with a decelerated cognitive decline from age 85 to 90, an effect mainly attributable to glucose, body mass index, and, to a lesser extent, blood pressure. PMID: 17785666 patients was significantly smaller than in controls after adjusting for BMI and age. PMID: 18446397 Contribution of male sex, age, and obesity to mechanical instability of the upper airway during sleep. Kirkness JP, Schwartz AR, Schneider H, et al. J Appl Physiol 2008 Apr 17. [Epub ahead of print] Synopsis: Researchers examined relationships between sleep apnea risk factors, upper airway mechanics and sleep apnea susceptibility in 86 men and 78 women with and without sleep apnea. Based on the results, they conclude that upper airway mechanics are differentially controlled by sex, obesity, and age, and partly mediate the relationship between these sleep apnea risk factors and obstructive sleep apnea. PMID: 18420722 Gastroesophageal reflux in patients with morbid obesity: a role of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome? Sabaté JM, Jouët P, Merrouche M, et al. Obes Surg 2008 Apr 17. [Epub ahead of print] Synopsis: To evaluate the prevalence and potential relationship of obstructive sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux disease in morbidly obese patients, authors prospectively studied 59 women and nine men selected for bariatric surgery. They found obstructive sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux disease to be associated in about 40 percent of the patients, and that gastroesophageal reflux disease was significantly associated with lower esophageal sphincter hypotonia and obstructive sleep apnea independently of BMI. PMID: 18418659 OBESITY AND HEART FAILURE Peripartum cardiomyopathy.. Satpathy HK, Frey D, Satpathy R, et al. Postgrad Med 2008 Apr;120(1):28–32. Synopsis: Authors discuss peripartum cardiomyopathy, its risk factors (including multiparity, age >30 years, African American race, multiple pregnancies, obesity, hypertension, and toxemia), diagnosis and treatment. PMID: 18467806 Endocrine and metabolic effects of fat: cardiovascular implications. Govindarajan G, Alpert MA, Tejwani L. Am J Med 2008 May;121(5):366–370. OBESITY AND SLEEP APNEA Sleep apnea: a proinflammatory disorder that coaggregates with obesity. Mehra R, Redline S. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008 May;121(5):1096–102. Synopsis: Authors discuss mechanistic associations among obesity, sleep apnea, and systemic inflammation, as well as the relationships between these factors and cardiopulmonary disease. They also identify future research directions. PMID: 18466782 Correlation between retroglossal airway size and body mass index in OSA and non-OSA patients using cone beam CT imaging. Shigeta Y, Enciso R, Ogawa T, et al. Sleep Breath 2008 Apr 30. [Epub ahead of print] Synopsis: To evaluate the retroglossal airway configuration quantitatively and clarify the relationship between BMI and airway configuration, researchers conducted a retrospective study of 15 obstructive sleep apnea patients (11 male) and 14 normal controls (8 male). Among the results, they found that the ratio of airway cross-section area to square area in obstructive sleep apnea http://www.gendroninc.com http://www.gendroninc.com
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